ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>@BNH:>20__</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY background=../warm.gif bgcolor=#90EE90> <A NAME==0G0;>></> <table border=0 width=100% cellspacing=10> <TR> <TD width=50%><h4><center><a href="../index.htm" target="_blank">0 3;02=CN AB@0=8FC</a></center></h4></TD> <TD width=50%><h4><center><a href="#:>=5F"> :>=FC AB@0=8FK</a></center></h4></TD> </TR> </table> <H2 ALIGN=CENTER>>A25==K5 <5B>4K 3>AC40@AB25==>3> AB8<C;8@>20=8O 8==>20F89: >?KB 0?04=>9 2@>?K</H2><br> <br> <h4 align=right>2B>@: 0B0;LO (5;N1A:0O, <i>:0=4840B M:>=><8G5A:8E =0C:, AB0@H89 =0CG=K9 A>B@C4=8: -  </i></h4> <h4 align=right>?C1;8:>20=> 2 =><5@5 "@>1;5<K B5>@88 8 ?@0:B8:8 C?@02;5=8O" ! 3 / 2001<br><br> AB>G=8:: <a href="http://www.ptpu.ru/issues/3_01/13_3_01.htm" target="_blank">http://www.ptpu.ru/issues/3_01/13_3_01.htm</a></h4> <hr> <blockquote> <p align="justify"> 90-5 3>4K ?@028B5;LAB20 70?04=>52@>?59A:8E AB@0= CA8;8;8 2=8<0=85 : ?@>1;5<0< 8==>20F89, @0AA<0B@820O 8E :0: 206=K9 D0:B>@ :>=:C@5=B>A?>A>1=>AB8.  ?@8=OBKE A?5F80;L=KE ?@>3@0<<0E @0728B8O =>2>22545=89 ?@54CA<0B@820;8AL :0: ?@O<K5, B0: 8 :>A25==K5 8=AB@C<5=BK AB8<C;8@>20=8O 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 D8@<, ?@8 MB>< @>;L :>A25==KE <5B>4>2 2>7@0AB05B. 5GL 845B > ?>>I@5=88 A>B@C4=8G5AB20 C=825@A8B5B>2 8 :><?0=89, <56D8@<5==>9 :>>?5@0F88, C;CGH5=88 A8AB5< >E@0=K 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8, A>25@H5=AB2>20=88 8=D>@<0F8>==>3> >1A;C6820=8O 8 0=B8<>=>?>;L=>3> @53C;8@>20=8O. A;8 2 70 - 80 3>40E ?>>I@5=85 =>22>22545=89 1K;> A2O70=> ?@5645 2A53> A> AB8<C;8@>20=85< B5E=>;>389 :0: B0:>2KE, B> 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O 40==K9 ?>4E>4 ?>AB5?5==> 70<5=O5BAO :;0AB5@=K<8 AB@0B538O<8, =0?@02;5==K<8 =0 A>740=85 A?5F80;878@>20==KE A5B59 7=0=89 - B5@@8B>@80;L=KE 7>= @0728B8O =>2KE B5E=>;>389.</p> <p align="justify"> A2O78 A 3;>10;870F8>==K<8 ?@>F5AA0<8 ?>445@6:0 8==>20F89 2KE>48B 70 =0F8>=0;L=K5 @0<:8, D>@<8@CNBAO =>2K5 <5E0=87<K <56=0F8>=0;L=>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 ?> A>740=8N =>2H5AB2, ?@028B5;LAB20 AB0=>2OBAO ?0@B=5@0<8 ?> 8=D>@<0F8>==K< 8 8==>20F8>==K< A5BO<.</p> <h4>A=>2=K5 =0?@02;5=8O 3>AC40@AB25==>3> A>459AB28O =>2>22545=8O<</h4> <p align="justify">>AC40@AB2> 8A?>;L7C5B H8@>:89 0@A5=0; ?@O<KE 8 :>A25==KE <5@ ?> @0AH8@5=8N =>20B>@A:>9 @01>BK, >A>15==> 2 <5;:8E 8 A@54=8E D8@<0E, ?@8 MB>< 7=0G5=85 :>A25==KE <5@ 2 90-E 3>40E CA8;8;>AL.</p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify">>AC40@AB2> ?><>305B 8==>20F8>==><C 187=5AC 8 :>A25==K<8 <5B>40<8, 2 G0AB=>AB8 G5@57 AD5@C >1@07>20=8O, ?>43>B>2:C ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=KE :04@>2 8 D>@<8@>20=85 C?@02;5=G5A:8E :>=AC;LB0B82=KE A;C61, ?CB5< C25;8G5=8O <>18;L=>AB8 @01>G59 A8;K, A>740=8O =0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:>9 8=D@0AB@C:BC@K.  ?>A;54=85 3>4K AB@0=K 0?04=>9 2@>?K AB>;:=C;8AL A >AB@>9 ?@>1;5<>9 =5E20B:8 A>1AB25==KE :04@>2 2 >1;0AB8 8=D>@<0F8>==>9 B5E=>;>388.</p> <p align="justify">"0:, 2 5@<0=88 C=825@A8B5BK 8 ?>;8B5E=8:C<K A<>3CB ?>43>B>28BL : 2005 3. 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A?5F80;8AB>2 87 AB@0= - =5 G;5=>2 !, 0 B0:65 8=>AB@0=F0< - 2K?CA:=8:0< B5E=8G5A:8E 2C7>21. </p> <p align="justify"> 5;8:>1@8B0=88 >1AC6405BAO 2>?@>A >1 "C?@02;O5<>9" <83@0F88, :>B>@0O ?>72>;8;0 1K ?@82;5:0BL F5==KE A?5F80;8AB>2 2 AD5@K =0C:8, =>259H59 B5E=>;>388 8 ?@54?@8=8<0B5;LAB20. </p> <p align="justify">> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 90-E 3>4>2 ?@028B5;LAB20 70?04=>52@>?59A:8E AB@0= ?@8=O;8 ?@>3@0<<K AB8<C;8@>20=8O 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8.</p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify">@028B5;LAB2> 2K45;8;> 100 <;= D@0=F. D@. =0 :>=:C@A ?@>5:B>2 ?> >@30=870F88 =>2KE 2KA>:>B5E=>;>38G=KE D8@<, 2 @57C;LB0B5 :>B>@>3> 1K;> >B>1@0=> 244 ?@>5:B0, 2 B>< G8A;5 21% - 2 >1;0AB8 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 8 18>B5E=>;>388, 21 - <0H8=>AB@>5=8O 8 <0B5@80;>2, 18 - <C;LB8<5480, 17 - B5;5:><<C=8:0F89 8 M;5:B@>=8:8, 15 - ?@>3@0<<=>3> >15A?5G5=8O, 5 - 03@>:><?;5:A0, 3% - M=5@35B8:8 8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K2. </p> <p align="justify"> 5;8:>1@8B0=88 ?>2KH5=85 8==>20F8>==>9 0:B82=>AB8 @0AA<0B@8205BAO :0: 3;02=K9 D0:B>@ >15A?5G5=8O :>=:C@5=B=KE ?>78F89 AB@0=K =0 <8@>2KE @K=:0E. 8=8AB5@AB2> B>@3>2;8 8 ?@><KH;5==>AB8 ?;0=8@C5B C25;8G8BL : 2002 3. @0AE>4K ?> AB0BL5 "?>445@6:0 8==>20F89 8 B5E=>;>388" =0 20%, ?@8 MB>< ?5@2>AB5?5==>5 7=0G5=85 ?@8405BAO @0728B8N =0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:>9 8=D@0AB@C:BC@K 2> 2A5E >B@0A;OE E>7O9AB20. 0AE>4K ?> 40==>9 AB0BL5 A>AB02;ONB 57% 1N465B0 <8=8AB5@AB20 =0  . AB0;L=0O 53> G0ABL ?@54=07=0G5=0 =0 F5;52>5 @0728B85   2 0M@>:>A<8G5A:>< :><?;5:A5 8 M=5@35B8:5, 2:;NG0O O45@=CN.</p> <p align="justify"> 2000 3. A0<K9 1>;LH>9 >1J5< A@54AB2 ?> AB0BL5 "?>445@6:0 8==>20F89 8 B5E=>;>388" 2K45;5= =0 @0728B85 8=D@0AB@C:BC@K (32%), B@0=AD5@ B5E=>;>388 (29), @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 ;CGH59 ?@0:B8:8 (10%)3. </p> <p align="justify">!B8<C;8@>20=85 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2KE>48B 70 =0F8>=0;L=K5 @0<:8 8 2A5 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 AB0=>28BAO ?@5@>30B82>9 !.  1996 3. 2@>?59A:0O :><8AA8O >4>1@8;0 ;0= 459AB289 2 >1;0AB8 8==>20F89, 2 :>B>@>< =0@O4C A 8E D8=0=A8@>20=85< (2 >A=>2=>< ?CB5< <>18;870F88 25=GC@=>3> :0?8B0;0 =0 @0==8E AB048OE ?@>5:B>2) =0<5G5=K 8 =0?@02;5=8O :>A25==>3> A>459AB28O:</p> <ul> <li>70I8B0 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8. ><8AA8O 2K@01>B0;0 @5:><5=40F88 ?> ?>2KH5=8N MDD5:B82=>AB8 ?0B5=B=>9 A8AB5<K, 2 G0AB=>AB8 2 >B=>H5=88 02B>@A:8E ?@02 2 8=D>@<0F8>==KE A5BOE 8 @0AH8@5=8O ?0B5=B=>9 >E@0=K 2 18>B5E=>;>388; <li>=>@<0B82=0O 1070 8 C?@>I5=85 04<8=8AB@0B82=KE B@51>20=89. @54;0305BAO C?@>AB8BL ?@>F54C@C A>740=8O 8 04<8=8AB@8@>20=8O :><?0=89. @><5 B>3>, ><8AA8O @07@010BK205B =>2K5 >@30=870F8>==K5 D>@<K ?@>2545=8O A>2<5AB=KE =0CG=KE 8AA;54>20=89, 2 G0AB=>AB8 AB0BCA 2@>?59A:>9 :><?0=88 8 2@>?59A:8E >1J548=5=89 ?> M:>=><8G5A:8< 8=B5@5A0< (European Economic Interest Grouping - EEIGs). <li>>1@07>20=85 8 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>5 >1CG5=85. @54CA<>B@5=K <5@K ?> @0AH8@5=8N <>18;L=>AB8 =0CG=KE :04@>2 8 8A?>;L7>20=8N 8=D>@<0F8>==>9 B5E=>;>388; <li>>@85=B0F8O ?@>3@0<< =0CG=KE 8AA;54>20=89 =0 8==>20F88.  B5<0B8G5A:8E ?@>3@0<<0E ?OB>9 0<>G=>9 ?@>3@0<<K ! 2 AD5@5   (1998 - 2000 33.) ?@8>@8B5B >B40= 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB84. </ul> <p align="justify">;0= ?@54CA<0B@8205B @50;870F8N =0<5G5==KE <5@ :0: =0 =04=0F8>=0;L=>< C@>2=5 ?>4 M384>9 2@>?59A:>9 :><8AA88, B0: 8 =0 =0F8>=0;L=><. @8 MB>< AB@0=0< ! ?@54;0305BAO >ACI5AB2;OBL 40==K5 <5@>?@8OB8O 2 @0<:0E ACI5AB2CNI8E 1N465B>2 =0 =0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:CN 8 8==>20F8>==CN ?>;8B8:C, B.5. 157 ?@82;5G5=8O 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE D8=0=A>2KE A@54AB2.</p> <p align="justify"> 1998 3. 2@>?59A:0O :><8AA8O 8=8F88@>20;0 ?@>3@0<<C ?> 2KO2;5=8N 8 @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N =081>;55 CA?5H=>9 8==>20F8>==>9 ?@0:B8:8 2 AB@0=0E !. A=>2=>5 2=8<0=85 C45;O5BAO 2>?@>A0< D8=0=A8@>20=8O =>2>22545=89, ?>445@6:8 =>2>3> 8==>20F8>==>3> 187=5A0, ?>2KH5=8O MDD5:B82=>AB8 AB8<C;8@>20=8O  , >E@0=K 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8.</p> <h4> 0728B85 :>>?5@0F88</h4> <p align="justify"> 90-5 3>4K 2 3>AC40@AB25==>9 8==>20F8>==>9 ?>;8B8:5 70?04=>52@>?59A:8E AB@0= 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 ?@8>1@5B05B AB8<C;8@>20=85 :0: =0CG=>-8AA;54>20B5;LA:>9, B0: 8 B5E=>;>38G5A:>9 :>>?5@0F88. >AC40@AB2> ?@8 MB>< 2KABC?05B 2 :0G5AB25 1@>:5@0 <564C AD5@>9   8 D8@<0<8.  5;8:>1@8B0=88, 5;L388, 0=88, >@BC30;88, 5@<0=88 A>740=K @07;8G=K5 F5=B@K ?> :>>?5@0F88 C=825@A8B5B>2 8 ?@><KH;5==>AB8, <5648AF8?;8=0@=K5 F5=B@K, 8==>20F8>==K5 F5=B@K ?> ?5@540G5 =>2>9 B5E=>;>388 <0;><C 8 A@54=5<C 187=5AC. 0: ?@028;>, >=8 459AB2CNB =0 @538>=0;L=>9 >A=>25.</p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify">>AC40@AB2> =5 B>;L:> A?>A>1AB2C5B @0AH8@5=8N A>B@C4=8G5AB20 D8@< 8 8AA;54>20B5;LA:8E CG@5645=89, => A ?><>ILN :><?0=89 >?@545;O5B =0?@02;5=8O ?5@A?5:B82=>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 2 A>740=88 :>=:C@5=B>A?>A>1=KE 8==>20F89. @8<5@>< <>65B A;C68BL =>2K9 <5E0=87< ?@>3=>78@>20=8O - "?@542845=85" (Foresight). 3> F5;L - >?@545;8BL >1;0AB8 AB@0B538G5A:8 206=KE 8AA;54>20=89 8 B5E=>;>389, A?>A>1=KE ?@8=5AB8 =081>;55 7=0G8B5;L=K5 M:>=><8G5A:85 8 A>F80;L=K5 1;030. -B>B ?>4E>4 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 5;8:>1@8B0=88, 5@<0=88, 845@;0=40E, 5=3@88, !(, /?>=88 8 4@C38E AB@0=0E.</p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify"> 90-E 3>40E 2 3>AC40@AB25==>9 8==>20F8>==>9 ?>;8B8:5 =0G8=05B ?@520;8@>20BL :;0AB5@=0O D8;>A>D8O - ?@028B5;LAB20 :>=F5=B@8@CNB CA8;8O =0 ?>445@6:5 ACI5AB2CNI8E :;0AB5@>2 8 A>740=88 =>2KE A5B59 :><?0=89, @0=55 =5 :>=B0:B8@>202H8E <564C A>1>9. >AC40@AB2> ?@8 MB>< =5 B>;L:> A?>A>1AB2C5B D>@<8@>20=8N :;0AB5@>2, => 8 A0<> AB0=>28BAO CG0AB=8:>< A5B59. ;0AB5@=K5 AB@0B5388 H8@>:> 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 5;8:>1@8B0=88, 5@<0=88, 0=88, 845@;0=40E, $8=;O=488 8 @O45 4@C38E AB@0=.</p> <p align="justify">0?@8<5@, 2 5@<0=88 A 1995 3. 459AB2C5B ?@>3@0<<0 A>740=8O 18>B5E=>;>38G5A:8E :;0AB5@>2 Bio Regio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p> <p align="justify">06=CN @>;L 2 A>740=88 :;0AB5@>2 83@0NB 52@>?59A:85 ?@>3@0<<K =0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20, 2 G0AB=>AB8 "-2@8:0" 8 0<>G=0O ?@>3@0<<0  . =8 A2>4OB 2<5AB5 ?>B5=F80;L=KE ?0@B=5@>2, :>B>@K5 =5 A<>3;8 A0<>AB>OB5;L=> CAB0=>28BL :>=B0:BK =0 =0F8>=0;L=>< C@>2=5.</p> <h4>>AC40@AB2> 8 >E@0=0 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8</h4> <p align="justify">0I8B0 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 - :;NG52>9 <><5=B 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8, ?>A:>;L:C 405B 2>7<>6=>ABL :><?0=8O< ?>;CG0BL ?@81K;L >B =>2>22545=89. !>AB>O=85 B0:>9 70I8BK, ?@5645 2A53> ?0B5=B=>9 A8AB5<K, <>65B :0: AB8<C;8@>20BL, B0: 8 A45@6820BL MBC 45OB5;L=>ABL.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O ?0B5=B=0O A8AB5<0 >E20BK205B 2A5 AB0488 @07@01>B:8 =>2>3> ?@>4C:B0, 84CI85 2A;54 70 DC=40<5=B0;L=K<8 8AA;54>20=8O<8, 2:;NG0O 8 <0@:5B8=3. =0 A;C68B >A=>2>9 4;O :>>@48=0F88 G0AB=KE 8AA;54>20B5;LA:8E ?@>5:B>2, B0: :0: A>45@68B F5==CN 8=D>@<0F8N > ?>B5=F80;L=KE CA?5E0E 8;8 @50;L=KE ?5@A?5:B820E B5E 8;8 8=KE 8AA;54>20=89, GB> ?>72>;O5B :>=:C@8@CNI8< D8@<0< @0A?@545;OBL @5AC@AK 1>;55 @0F8>=0;L=>.</p> <p align="justify">> :>;8G5AB2C 70@538AB@8@>20==KE ?0B5=B>2 =0 1 <;= M:>=><8G5A:8 0:B82=>3> =0A5;5=8O ;848@C5B (259F0@8O (596 2 1997 3.), 70 =59 A;54CNB (25F8O (483), 5@<0=8O (449), /?>=8O (213), !( (191). </p> <p align="justify"> 90-E 3>40E 45OB5;L=>ABL ! ?> 70I8B5 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 0:B82878@>20;0AL. ">;G:>< : MB><C ?>A;C68;8, 2 G0AB=>AB8, @57C;LB0BK 0=0;870, ?@>2545==>3> ?> 70:07C 2@>?59A:>3> ?0B5=B=>3> 254><AB20, A>AB>O=8O 8==>20F8>==>9 0:B82=>AB8 8 ?0B5=B=>9 >E@0=K 2 0?04=>9 2@>?5, !( 8 /?>=88 (=0 MB8 AB@0=K ?@8E>48BAO >:>;> 85% 2A5E ?>40205<KE 2 <8@5 ?0B5=B=KE 70O2>:).</p> <p align="justify">1A;54>20=85 ?>:070;>, GB> ?> :>;8G5AB2C ?@8E>4OI8EAO =0 1 <;= 68B5;59 B@>9AB25==KE 70O2>: (?>40205<KE =0 >4=> 8 B> 65 87>1@5B5=85 2 2@>?59A:>< ?0B5=B=>< 254><AB25, !( 8 /?>=88) 0?04=0O 2@>?0 70=8<05B ;8HL 3-5 <5AB> ?>A;5 !( 8 /?>=88. </p> <p align="justify"> :>=F5 90-E 3>4>2 70?04=>52@>?59A:85 :><?0=88 CABC?8;8 A2>5 <5AB> O?>=A:8< D8@<0< 2 ;848@>20=88 ?@8 ?0B5=B>20=88 2 !(. A;8 2 1982 3. 2 ?5@2CN 45AOB:C =081>;55 0:B82=KE ?>;CG0B5;59 ?0B5=B>2 2 !( 2E>48;> 5 O?>=A:8E, 2 0<5@8:0=A:85 8 3 52@>?59A:85 :><?0=88, B> 2 1996 3. - 7 O?>=A:8E, 2 0<5@8:0=A:85 8 =8 >4=>9 52@>?59A:>9. </p> <p align="justify">BAB05B 0?04=0O 2@>?0 8 2 AD5@5 8=D>@<0F8>==>9 B5E=>;>388, 345 =01;N405BAO =081>;LH0O 0:B82=>ABL ?0B5=B>20=8O. <5AB5 A B5< 52@>?59A:85 :><?0=88 70=8<0NB A8;L=K5 ?>78F88 2 >1;0AB8 E8<88 8 D0@<0F52B8:8, D>@<8@CO B0< 45AOB:C ;845@>2.</p> <p align="justify"> @O45 AB@0= =0F8>=0;L=K5 D8@<K A40NB ?>78F88 8 =0 A>1AB25==KE @K=:0E. "0:, A@548 <=>3>=0F8>=0;L=KE :><?0=89, G0I5 4@C38E ?>40NI8E ?0B5=B=K5 70O2:8 2> $@0=F88, >B<5G5=> B>;L:> 5 D@0=FC7A:8E.</p> <DIV align=center> <CENTER> <TABLE border=1 cellPadding=2 cellSpacing=0> <CAPTION><SMALL><B> 0=68@>20=85 AB@0= ?> C@>2=N @0728B8O :>>?5@0F88 2 AD5@5  <BR><564C :><?0=8O<8 8 C=825@A8B5B0<8<BR>8 <56D8@<5==>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 </B></SMALL></CAPTION> <TBODY> <TR> <TD align=middle><SMALL>AA;54>20B5;LA:0O :>>?5@0F8O </SMALL><BR><SMALL>(<564C :><?0=8O<8 8 C=825@A8B5B0<8) </SMALL></TD> <TD align=middle><SMALL>"5E=>;>38G5A:0O :>>?5@0F8O </SMALL><BR><SMALL>(<564C D8@<0<8) </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>1. $8=;O=48O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>1. $8=;O=48O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>2. !( </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>2. /?>=8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>3. (259F0@8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>3. 845@;0=4K </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>4. (25F8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>4. (259F0@8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>5. 845@;0=4K </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>5. &nbsp;!( </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>6. @;0=48O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>6. 5@<0=8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>7. 5@<0=8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>7. &nbsp;(25F8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>8. 0=8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>8. &nbsp;0=8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>9. 5;L38O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>9. &nbsp;>@2538O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>10. /?>=8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>10. @;0=48O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>11. >@2538O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>11. $@0=F8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>12. 5;8:>1@8B0=8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>12. 5;L38O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>13. A;0=48O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>13. A;0=48O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD rowSpan=2><SMALL>14. $@0=F8O </SMALL></TD> <TD><SMALL>17. B0;8O </SMALL></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><SMALL>18. 5;8:>1@8B0=8O </SMALL></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER></DIV> <P><SMALL><I>!>AB02;5=> ?>: </I>The World Competitiveness Yearbook 1998.  Losanna.&nbsp; 1999.&nbsp; P. 457. </SMALL></P> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify"> ?>A;54CNI85 3>4K @O4 AB@0= ?@8=O; A>>B25BAB2CNI85 ?@>3@0<<K.</p> <p align="justify">"0:, 2 1998 3. $@0=F8O @07@01>B0;0 3>AC40@AB25==K9 ?;0= AB8<C;8@>20=8O ?0B5=B>20=8O 87>1@5B5=89 >B5G5AB25==K<8 D8@<0<8. 3> F5;L - A>:@0B8BL 48A?@>?>@F88 <564C :>;8G5AB2>< =0F8>=0;L=KE 8 8=>AB@0==KE 70O28B5;59 ?CB5< A>25@H5=AB2>20=8O ?0B5=B=>9 A8AB5<K, A=865=8O ?0B5=B=KE ?>H;8= 8 >:070=8O ?><>I8 A2>8< :><?0=8O< ?@8 >ACI5AB2;5=88 ?0B5=B=>9 ?@>F54C@K. </p> <p align="justify">>2K5 8=D>@<0F8>==K5 B5E=>;>388 2K720;8 =5>1E>48<>ABL >15A?5G5=8O ?@02>2>9 157>?0A=>AB8 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 8 :0G5AB20 8=D>@<0F88 2 =B5@=5B5, ?>A:>;L:C A @>AB>< 53> :><<5@G5A:>3> 8A?>;L7>20=8O @57:> 2>7@>A;> G8A;> 45;, A2O70==KE A =0@CH5=85< 02B>@A:8E ?@02. 0728B85 MB>9 =>2>9 AD5@K ?>AB028;> @O4 7040G, @5H5=85 :>B>@KE 7028A8B >B ?@028B5;LAB25==KE >@30=>2 (1>@L10 A ?8@0BAB2><, ?@8<5=5=85 B>20@=KE 7=0:>2, 2>?@>AK N@8A48:F88 8 4@.). KE>4 =B5@=5B0 70 =0F8>=0;L=K5 3@0=8FK B@51C5B <564C=0@>4=KE CA8;89 ?> @5H5=8N 2KH5C:070==KE ?@>1;5<.</p><p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p> <h4>=D>@<0F8>==>5 >15A?5G5=85</h4> <p align="justify"> 90-5 3>4K ?@028B5;LAB20 70?04=>52@>?59A:8E AB@0=, >A>15==> G;5=>2 !, CA8;8;8 2=8<0=85 : 2>?@>A0< >1;53G5=8O 4>ABC?0 : 8=D>@<0F88, ?@5645 2A53> ?0B5=B=>9, 4;O <0;>3> 8 A@54=53> 187=5A0.</p> <p align="justify"> 845@;0=40E A 1997 3. 206=K< 8AB>G=8:>< 8=D>@<0F88 4;O ?>;CG5=8O =>2KE 7=0=89 2 ?@54?@8=8<0B5;LA:>< A5:B>@5 AB0;> 0B5=B=>5 254><AB2>.  5@<0=88 ?><8<> 0B5=B=>3> 254><AB20 A>740=> 25 ?0B5=B=>-8=D>@<0F8>==KE F5=B@>2 8 A;C61, @0AA@54>B>G5==KE ?> 2A59 AB@0=5. '5BK@5 B0:8E F5=B@0 459AB2CNB =0 B5@@8B>@88 75<;8 !525@=K9 59=-5ABD0;8O, =081>;55 @0728B>3> =0CG=>-?@><KH;5==>3> @538>=0 (B@8 87 =8E ?>445@6820NBAO <5AB=K<8 C=825@A8B5B0<8, >48= - B>@3>2>-?@><KH;5==>9 ?0;0B>9).  1995 - 1999 33. B@8 F5=B@0 1K;8 >1J548=5=K 2 ;>:0;L=CN A5BL. &5;L 40==>3> ?@>5:B0, D8=0=A8@C5<>3> <8=8AB5@AB2>< M:>=><8:8 MB>9 75<;8, - >1;53G5=85 4>ABC?0 <0;K< 8 A@54=8< ?@54?@8OB8O< : >1J548=5==K< @5AC@A0<. </p> <p align="justify"> ?>A;54=85 3>4K ?0B5=B=K5 254><AB20 ?@54?@8=8<0NB <5@K ?> >1J548=5=8N 8=D>@<0F8>==KE @5AC@A>2 2 3;>10;L=>< <0AHB015.  @0<:0E ! >@30=87>20=0 0A?@545;8B5;L=0O ?0B5=B=0O A;C610 =B5@=5B0 (DIPS), >@85=B8@>20==0O ?@5645 2A53> =0 =C64K <0;>3> 8 A@54=53> 187=5A0 8 8=48284C0;L=KE 87>1@5B0B5;59.</p> <p align="justify">?@>A 349 52@>?59A:8E :><?0=89 ?>:070;, GB> 4>;O >@30=870F89, >1@0I0NI8EAO 2 A5BL 70 ?0B5=B=>9 8=D>@<0F859, 2>7@>A;0 B>;L:> 70 1998 - 1999 33. A 11 4> 68% (2 D0@<0F52B8:5 - 4> 83%). >402;ONI0O G0ABL (93%) ?>B@518B5;59 ?0B5=B=>9 8=D>@<0F88 2 B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB5?5=8 ?>;L7C5BAO CA;C30<8 15A?;0B=KE A09B>2. </p> <h4> 0728B85 :>=:C@5=F88</h4> <p align="justify"> ?>A;54=85 3>4K 2 0?04=>9 2@>?5 >A>1>5 2=8<0=85 C45;O5BAO @0728B8N :>=:C@5=F88 :0: 3;02=><C D0:B>@C CA:>@5=8O 8==>20F8>==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8.</p> <p align="justify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p> <p align="justify">5:>B>@K5 AB@0=K ! 8<5NB A>1AB25==K5 70:>=K > =54>1@>A>25AB=>9 :>=:C@5=F88, :>B>@K5, >4=0:>, =5 <>3CB ?@>B82>@5G8BL 52@>?59A:><C 70:>=>40B5;LAB2C.</p> <p align="justify"> 5;8:>1@8B0=88, =0?@8<5@, 2 2000 3. 2ABC?8; 2 A8;C =>2K9 0=B8B@5AB>2A:89 70:>= > :>=:C@5=F88, 2?5@2K5 70?@5I0NI89 0=B8:>=:C@5=B=K5 A>3;0H5=8O 8 7;>C?>B@51;5=8O 3>A?>4AB2CNI8< ?>;>65=85< =0 @K=:5 (?> MB><C 70:>=C ?>78F8O ?@54?@8OB8O <>65B 1KBL ?@87=0=0 4><8=8@CNI59, 5A;8 >=> 70E20B8;> 1>;55 40% @K=:0, B.5. ?>@>3 4><8=8@>20=8O ?>=865=).  =54>?CAB8<K< 459AB28O< >B=>AOBAO >3@0=8G5=85 ?@>872>4AB20, A1KB0, =>2KE B5E=8G5A:8E @07@01>B>:, 8=25AB8F89, CAB0=>2;5=85 D8:A8@>20==KE F5=, @0745; @K=:>2. </p> <p align="justify"> :>=F5 2000 3. 2@>?59A:0O :><8AA8O C65AB>G8;0 ?@>F54C@C ?>;CG5=8O @07@5H5=89 =0 A45;:8 ?> A;8O=8N 8 ?>3;>I5=8N :><?0=89. 53C;8@CNI85 >@30=K <>3CB >4>1@8BL A;8O=85 D8@< ?@8 CA;>288, GB> B5 ?@5420@8B5;L=> =094CB ?>:C?0B5;O =0 187=5A, :>B>@K9 1C4CB 2K=C645=K ?@>40BL, GB>1K =5 AB0BL <>=>?>;8AB0<8 2 40==>< A5:B>@5.</p> <p align="justify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p> <a href="http://www.uran.donetsk.ua/~masters/2002/fem/lotsmanova/lib/methods.htm" target="_blank">http://www.uran.donetsk.ua/~masters/2002/fem/lotsmanova/lib/methods.htm</a> <hr> <h4 align=right><a href="#=0G0;>"> =0G0;C AB@0=8FK</a> <A NAME=:>=5F></> </BODY> </HTML>