Translated by K. Skopin
Coal tar is a unique source of row material which has no analogues and presently covers more than 95% of the world necessity in the condensed aromatic and heterocyclic substances. Pitch, creazol, absortive oil, naphtaline, phenolic products, henolin, benzols and over fifty names of other matters are obtained from the coal tar after processing. In addition, on the basis of of tar and oils different technical mixtures are made, for example, road covering oils, or oils for the manufactoring of sootand etc. Coal pitch becomes the most essential product of processing the coal tar due to the growth of the necessity of the non-ferous metallurgy.
The expansion of the demand of several pure maters, which are obtained from coal tar was stimulated by the fast development of organic chemistry syntesis. Over fourty substances of coal tar are used for the organic syntesis. Lots of research in that fild allowed to develop some methods of getting a great variety of row matirials for manufacturing plastics, dyes, pharmaceutical preparations andother products. However, in moust cases the cost of this products is too high dye to imperfaction of processing technology.
For the past few years oil price has grown on the world market. The present tendention of oil use for obtaining aromatic hidrocarbons wouldn't benefit. Instead, such products could be obtained from coal tar and they will have best quality and be cheaper
Characteristic features of coke production development for the last twenty years have been an icrease of the part of the gas coals in the coal charge, a usege of heavy stoves with the volume of chambers 41,6 m3 and hight 6,7 m, a rise of coking process temperatyre. The inceese of the part of gas coals in charges coud be considered as a factor which extends the output of chemical products in the coking process and increeses vertical shrinkage of the charge during the coking process that leads to more intensive process of secondary pirolization.
Aims of the master's work are as follows: a) study of fractional composition of the explored coal tars and deternination of the dependence between fraction output and brand composition of of the coal charge which is used on chemical plants of Eastern Ukraine; b) study of coal tar composition and fractions, which are obtained from it by chemical and phisical research methods (IR - spectroscopy); c) stady of the dependence between viscidity, temperatyre and density of the coal tar.
Now it is well known, that brand composition of coal charge, from which coal tar was obtained, influences on the output of fractions. So, most of the volatile and naphtaline fractions are obtained from coal tar of Avdeevsky and Makeevsky coke chemical plants. To provide coking these plants used the charge with the greatest content of coals with low coking potential (Makeevsky 42% of brand G. Avdeevsky - 16% G, 21% GG).
It is suppoused, that IR - spectroscopy will allow to study organic components of coal tr and determine dependence between composition of coal charge and parameters of coking. The coal tar consist of a great number of different alifatic, heterocyclic and aromatic groups of substances. Among them are:
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I hope, that total research of influence of cokngi process factors on phisical properties and composition of coal tar will help to obtain liquid fules from coal tar