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FACULTY: Minining geological faculty
SCIENTIFIC ADVISER: doctor VOEVODA B. I.
THE ABSTRACT
Urgency of work.
The problem of ecological secure warehousing and storage of waste becomes very actual for large cities, because they are the main sires of waste. This problem has the brightly ex-pressed social nature, as health and quality of the population life depends on it. In our country is not given owing attention to a problem of accommodation of a solid domestic waste. More than 80 % of all generatrix waste is placed by the way of polygons and dumps in Ukraine. It is necessary to make renovation of existing polygons and building of new ecological secure polygons of a solid domestic waste (SDW).
Necessity of building of modern polygon SDW in Mariupol was conditioned by avail-ability of numerous unauthorized waste tips and ecological unsafe exploitation of the existing organized dumps.
The purpose and problems of work
The purpose of this work - is the analysis of a geological structure, engineering-geological and hydro-geological conditions on created polygon of a firm domestic waste in Ordzhonikidze's region of Mariupol.
The modern condition of components of an environment, nature, level and sources of their contamination will be determined in the work. Also in the work will be revealed and estimated the most ecological dangerous factors for environment. In connection with this given purpose the following problems are solved:
Analysis of a geological structure of polygon area.
Analysis of existing natural and technogenic pools.
Analysis of hydro-geological and hydrodynamic conditions of terrain.
Analysis and mapping of a vegetative cover.
Definition of quality of surface and underground waters in terrain of polygon. Definition of quality of soils in this terrain.
Detection of the main sources of negative effect on components of an environment.
Domestic waste very dangerous, because they have high concentrations of various toxiferous matters.
Geologic medium carries out heightened load on SDV polygons. The geodinamic characteristics of geologic medium play the relevant role in this problem. Geologic medium is divided in different blocks. Borders of such blocks are the geodynamic zones (GDZ). The geodynamic zones by themselves do not bear the ecological danger. It is arises only, when potentially ecological dangerous technogenic objects, as, for example, polygon FDW in Ordzhonikidze's region of Mariupol, appear in affected area of an abnormal development of modern geodynamic processes. Such processes can exert influence on stability of availability index of product of these objects.
Loosened rocks in GDZ provide a heightened filtration of the waters, natural and contaminated by the person. The availability of geodynamic zones on polygon accommodation only will increase its negative operating on environment, biota and person.
However at designing of SDW polygons and complex estimation of their influence on environment the researches on availability of geodynamic zones are not carried. In the modern normative documents the natural geodynamic factor does not take in the count, also the techniques of an estimation of ecological risk arising at operation of dangerous natural-technical systems, falling in limits of geodynamic anomaly are not designed.
Therefore to solved problems it is necessary to add areography of polygon on availability of geodynamic zones.
The review of the existing publications.
In the publications of last years (I.V. Stadnik, L.G. Komogorova, U.K. Shukin, V.L. Si-vorotkin, B.I. Voevoda, V.I. Alehin etc.) often there are terms - " geodynamic zones ", " deformation zones of geosystems ", " zones of dynamic contingency of heterogeneities of geologic medium "
But problem on necessity research of realization on availability of geodynamic zones at designing of SDV polygons and introducing of such research as compulsory conditions in the modern normative documents is not considered.
Novelty and practical value of work.
The practical value of the given work is that by results of a complex ecology-geologic estimation it is possible to give near-term and long-range forecastings of change of environment of investigated locale under operating of stored waste.
Probably, the material's of master's work will be utilised in compiling of the new instruction on designing of polygons, in which the geodynamic factor will be allowed.
The SDV polygon is nature protective construction. It provides a acceptance, warehousing, seal and isolation of SDV.
On an investigated district there are no zones with composite faults, influencing neigh-boring faults however is not eliminated. This influence should be studied during further researches.
Last years the conventional representations about a role of the geodynamic factor at an estimation of ecology-industrial danger of different ecological dangerous technogenic objects have changed. Therefore at designing of different technogenic objects, in particular of SDV polygons, it is necessary to provide service in expertise of ecological and industrial safety of objects with allowance of geodynamic factor. It is necessary to elaborate the instructions and standards, which will regulate the count of modern abnormal geodynamic status of entrails.
As a result of processing 20 assays of natural and technogenic waters selected on a polygon area, were established a plenty of trace substances: Mn, Ni, Pb, Bi, Al, Cd. Their concentrations exceed marginal concentrations (EMC) in tens and hundreds time.
The relevant requirement to polygons is the maintenance of protection of underground waters. The underlayers of polygon should place above the level of groundwaters.
For an estimation of contamination of soils the statistical processing of the selected assays was conducted, the correlation analysis is made. On each parameter the conclusions concerning excess by EMC elements are made; the coefficient of variation is counted. The map of contamination on Zincum and map of general contamination of soils of region of influence of Ordzhonikidze's SDW polygon is constructed.In further similar processing will be made on a water environment. It will be constructed corresponding maps.
As a result of a complex ecology-geologic estimation Ordzhonikidze's SDW polygon (Mariupol) the conclusions about the main sources of contamination surface and groundwaters, soils and air in region of designed polygon will be obtained.
The designed ecological secure polygon of a firm domestic waste will be construct with the count of a status quo of environment on the basis of the modern and technological solutions.
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