Abstract
"Methods of making drinking water better"
Compiler: Zhmurko Irina
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There actuality.
The topic of the work lies in the foundation of the effective methods of cleaning the water from weighted substances in the process of preparing it to drinking water supply. And here one of the most important constituents is the usage of wide spectrum of coagulants and floaculants, which are able to provide the high level of cleaning not taking into account the source of water, the nature of pollution, the climatic conditions and so on.
Nowadays on the cleaning water stations they use polyacrilamid as floaculant. It has high floaculative ability, accessibility, costs comparatively a little, isn't very toxic and needs obligatory use of coagulant.
Nowadays on the cleaning water stations they use polyacrilamid as floaculant. It has high floaculative ability, accessibility, costs comparatively a little, isn't very toxic and needs obligatory use of coagulant.
The purpose of work is the studying of the possibility to use polymers based on maleic anhydrite as a flocculating agents for clearing waste water.
Tasks:
- realization of synthesis various polymers based on maleic anhydrite;
- definition of the basic characteristics received polymers;
- research of the possibility opportunity the polymers as flocculating agents;
- research of possibility interaction polymers with ions of heavy metals;
- analysis and processing of the received results.
Scientific novelty and practical value.
As a result of the performance of the put tasks the reception new flocculating agent is planned which on the properties would not concede already known and widely used. It is necessary to note, that maleic anhydrite is an accessible enough product, therefore application in an industry such flocculating agent will be economically favourable.
The flocculation is the interaction highmolecular of substances with particles which are taking place in water, resulting to formation of three-dimensional units and proceeding basically without change of electrical properties of system.
Flocculating agents represent soluble in water linear polymers containing the large number of active groups with length of the chain up to 1 micron.
Flocculating agents usually apply in addition to mineral coagulating agents, as they promote expansion of optimum areas coagulation (on рН and temperature), raise density and durability formed flakes, reduce the charge coagulating agents, raise reliability of work and throughput of clearing structures.
Depending on structure of polar groups flocculating agents are: cationic, nonionic, anionic.
The physical-chemical bases of process flocculation are based on adsorption of molecules flocculating agent on several colloidal particles with formation polymeric bridges.
Now significant number of both various flocculating agents both is applied to clearing waste water. At the selection the most acceptable flocculating agent is necessary to take into account the nature of colloidal particles and property molecules flocculating agent.
Flocculating agents usually subdivide into three groups:
1) inorganic;
2) natural organic;
3) synthetic organic.
The current results and conclusions.
In physical-organic and coal chemistry institute named after Litvinenko NAS of Ukraine polymers maleic anhydrite and stirol were received. The experiences on research of flocculating ability received polymers were carried out, in which is shown, that at the minimal meanings of the doze polymers there is a decrease colourness of water. Besides the interaction these polymer with salts of heavy metals is observed. All the facts allow to assume about persputiveness of usage received polymers maleic anhydrite and stirol in quality flocculating agents, and also reactives for lowering of concentration of ions of heavy metals in waste water.
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