Email: Fene4ka_eg-02@mail.ru
Slavyanskaya thermal power station renders negative influence on all components of an environment. For carrying out the investigation of the problem it is necessary to make the regular research analysis of all components of the environment.
The purpose of the given work is finding-out of a degree of influence Slavyanskaya thermal power station on soil and underground waters.
Slavyanskaya thermal power station is located in territory of Slavyanskiy area of Donetsk area, in 1,5 km from Slavyansk, in 1,5 km to the north Nikolaevka, on right bank of the river Severski Donets.
Designed capacity of the thermal power station is 2100 MW. The power station is structural unit of Open Society "Donbassenergo".
The first units are put into operation in 1954, last block - in 1971.
Slavyanskaya thermal power station concerns to geological area Northwest surburbs of Donbass. Northwest surburbs of Donbass are rather extensive area, extended from a southeast on northwest from of Artemovsk to villages Volvenkovo and Petrovskoe on 130 km, and from a southwest to northeast from line Êonstantinovka-Gavrilovka to a line Izyum-Kremennaya on 80 km, the total area is about 9000 square kilometers.
The Area is located within the limits of the Kharkov and Donetsk areas. The basic settlements of area are Izyum, Slavyansk, Kramatorsk, Drugkovka, Konstantinovka, Artemovsk, Krasnuy Liman. The relief represents slightly wavy space of steppe with the watershed between pools of Dnepr and Northern Donec.
The investigated site in the geostructural attitude is the part of southwest wing of Bahmutskoy hollow which is located within the limits of east periphery of a Dneprovo-Donetsk hollow in a zone of its joint with structures of folded Donbass. Here orientation of the basic structural elements in a northwest direction is kept.
The direction adjournment of seams of Bahmutskaya hollow varies from southeast to submeridian within the limits of investigated territory. Thus the local dome-shaped raising which central part is presented by adjournment of Serebryanskoy retinue of bottom Trias.
Technogenic adjournment are presented by dump material. Dams of dump consist of local loams and clays, condensed during construction.
The basic kind of the fuel, that is used on thermal power station, is Donetsk coals of mark anthracite with illumination of black oil and gas.
Source of technical water supply of thermal power station are river Severski Donets and channel Seversky Donets-Donbass. Water of river Severski Donets is used on cooling of condensers of turbines, channel SDD - for preparation of special waters and other technological needs. Water of drinking quality is used only on public service needs.
Underground waters are concluded in all stratigrafy-genetic complexes. They have complex hydraulic communication among themselves and superficial waters. A feed of underground waters is local, is limited to the area of distribution of corresponding water-containing thicknesses. In the geomorphologic plan the area of a feed coincides with local watersheds and their slopes.
The basic sources of pollution of underground waters are objects of an agricultural production and zones. There a degree of pollution of horizons average and high. Total excess of maximum concentration limit is made up to 2-5 times, with a mineralization of underground waters of paleogenic adjournment in settlements on above on 30-50 %, than behind its limits. Change of natural hydrodynamic conditions is shown in process rise of levels of subsoil waters in area of ponds-coolers Slavyanskaya thermal power station. In a zone of group water-fences were formed depression holes by the area near 10 km2 with average increase of a level of underground waters on 1,5-3,0 m. Quality of underground waters of the water-fences, that located in a valley of river Severskiy Donets, essentially depends from a degree of impurity of waters in the river.
The basic sources pollution of soils are smoke emissions of pipes. The aerosol of smoke gases, settling on a surface, forms an extensive aura pollution of soils. Other fineer sources of pollution (dump, a coal warehouse, an equipment of black oil, a warehouse of the petroleum products, etc.) influence less significant on the scale, territories of the allocated objects limited limits or their nearby periphery on distance of 50-100 m.
Emissions Slavyanskaya thermal power station make 63 % of all emissions in an atmosphere from the industrial enterprises of nearby territory. In this connection the control over a condition of soils in area of influence thermal power station is an actual ecological problem which necessity of the decision is certain by a number of normative documents.
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