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Zinchenco Valentine


Mining-geologist faculti


Department of the geoinformatics and geodesy


Speciality: «Engineering Geodesy»

Theme of master's work:
«Creating up automatic system for decision urban planning problems in ArcMap (on the example of the Donetsk region)».
The head of the Master’s dissertation: Vise-professor DonNTU
Germonova E.A.

Dissertation


The some people believe, that the general plan is one graphic document. However the general plan will consist of two big parts: graphic and text. The graphic part will consist of the documents graphically displaying various parts of settlement, for example, the circuit of the city centers, the circuit of communications (water supply. The water drain, electric and cable networks, etc.), etc. And the text part in turn contains characteristics of graphic documents, plans on development of city, engineering maintenance of work on planning, etc.

The modern general plan is a territorial fixing of the concept of development city, revealing of bases of formation of city in the future, and not just the decision of narrow pragmatic problems of accommodation new construction and development of an infrastructure.

The general plan as the basic complex urban-planning document, provides an opportunity:

  • to establish territorial needs of city for specification of its borders;
  • determinate directions of development and perfection planning structure, a social and engineering infrastructure of city;
  • determinate the most expedient form and a mode of functional use any part of city territory;
  • determinate investment appeal of city territories;
  • to adjust process removal of sites and sales (tenancy) of objects in view of functional zoning city territories;
  • to become a basis for a cost estimation of the ground, differentiation of tax rates and payments, and also for preparation of various land-legal documents and normative base;
  • to recommend sequence and a mode development of new areas, and also to reconstruction existing building;
  • to become a basis for system engineering management by process development of city territories and development of spheres of municipal economy.

Modern cities are subject to crisis, therefore the basic is the problematic approach and the task of identification the city problems to concentrate not on consequences, and on the reasons.

For today in many cities of Ukraine the set of urban-planning mistakes is observed:

  • are not maintained red lines of streets on a background of growth of automobilization;
  • banks, cult constructions, the markets, the gas station, offices, the enterprises of commercial activity and so forth, not stipulated by the general plan are under construction;
  • parkways, squares are built up;
  • absence of territory under building;
  • irrationality and catastrophically unsatisfactory condition of networks;
  • poor quality of architecture;
  • problems of transport streams. Urgent updating of the transport circuit of cities and the plan of red lines, control of a growing level of building is necessary.

For normal functioning city it is necessary that the urban-planning documentation contained in an actual condition. The urban-planning documentation existing nowadays on paper carriers is not always actual and authentic. It is sometimes even not convenient for fast access.

The purpose of the master’s work is consideration the technique a space application pictures in a complex with other necessary documents for creation of the general plan of the city. In work the technology use a large-scale space pictures for the decision of this problem will be considered.

Use a space images with application of GIS-TECHNOLOGIES has provided progress in development of modern methods in creation of general plans. Earlier one of serious lacks the significant volume of the urban-planning documentation that caused long terms of development, the coordination, the statement, complexity of use not only because of privacy, but also because of bulkiness was. With introduction of computers technologies the opportunity essentially has appeared to reduce volumes of the documentation and simplification of procedures for its development and use. On the screen it is possible to combine the cartographical information and space pictures for comparison and updating of the information. Also advantage of use of space pictures consists that they allow receiving the actual information operatively. One space image keeps in itself the information on separate components of the nature (vegetation, hydrograph, a relief and so on) And about directions of use of the grounds (industrial territories, construction, etc.). Various ways recognizing the same picture allow receiving more detailed information on different objects.

Use of the data of space images, technologies for creation databases and electronic mapping with use modern geoinformation technologies allows to create quickly general plan and use its resources for decision a wide spectrum of applied problems. Therefore introduction of new technologies updating the cartographical information on large cities with use of materials of space images and modern geoinformation technologies has the big practical value.

At present in territory of Ukraine only start large-scale space pictures are applied to city territories. The researched technology should prove, that materials of space images considerably facilitate work on creation and maintenance in an actual condition of the urban-planning information. Besides the researched technology will allow to take into account lacks and mistakes in designing and in time them to correct.

For today the tendency of social and economic development of cities which is identified with the general plan was outlined. This strategy contacts expectations and dreams of the population for a life in beautiful and healthy city. However frequently the population does not guess at all, that will build « in the neighborhood with their houses » …

Considered in masters work the approach should provide availability urban-planning information not only to people, is direct with her working, but also simple citizens. Certainly simple citizens will not get access to the confidential documentation, but the common data will have. It will allow to focus results for territory planning on plurality and multitypicalness of "consumers" that was not earlier, and to improve the city environment.

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