Galko R.V. Abstract Relays of microprocessors protection and software to them

Controllers have replaced relay schemes management and electronic circuits with a rigid logic. The main idea is to return the technological equipment as quickly as possible, in order to release other products [1]. Powerful productive processors of modern controllers, large volume of main memory, solid state stores of information, support of modern communication technologies all these make controllers similar to on an ordinary computer. But such an improvement has not just been producers whim. It has been dictated by new terms of objectives, at the decision of which a modern comptroller is aimed, which besides simple logical operations is can perform the digital signal processing, adjusting functions, control drives the aim of which is, to provide an interface with an operator and etc Microcontrollers traditionally operate on the lower level of automation, sensors and monitoring devices connected direct ly to its inputs, the program microcontrollers controls technological equipment. Restriction on the length of cables leading from the sensors and actuators, cause location of comptroller in such place, where it is exposed to negative influence industrial environment factor. Therefore, factors such as vibration, high temperature, humidity, dust and electromagnetic interference must be taken into account by the producers of controllers.

To study ARM microcontrollers of the firm ATmel AT91SAM.
Perform analysis of SAD (IAR, Keil) and real-time operating systems for ARM microcontrollers.
To study CAN, USB, Ethernet, configure and customize them for AT91SAM.
Create an image of real-time operating system and install it on AT91SAM.

Planned practical result

Plans to make a terminal relay, which by means of CAN or Ethernet network would be able to collect and maintain data from the sensors relay protectors, measuring devices, and pass them to the USB interface on a PC.

UP.

A brief analysis of existing systems (IAR, Keil)-aided design and real-time operating system. The main characteristics of ARM7

IDE IAR Embedded Workbench™

Integrated development and debugging of IDE IAR Embedded Workbench ™ (IAR EWARM) is a powerful tool for the development and debugging, allowing applications to create complete projects based on various 8 - 16 - and 32 - bit microcontrollers, including microcontrollers with kernels ARM. IDE includes a set of tools that are integrated into a single program - a shell with a convenient window interface, running under Microsoft Windows. IAR Embedded Workbench ™ is well documented and has a simple, intuitive user interface. Demo IDE IAR Embedded Workbench ™ of limited duration compiler C / C + + (1 month) is available on the site www.iar.com

IDE IAR Embedded Workbench™ includes the followings tools:

• compiler IAR ARM With C/C++,

• assembler IAR ARM,

• universal linker IAR XLINK Linker™,

• software of building libraries IAR XAR Library Builder™,

• set of libraries IAR XLIB Librarian™,

• text editor,

• project manager,

• utility of construction a command line,

• high-level language debugger IAR C-SPY Debugger™. The compiler, assembler and linker can be started on implementation not only from the shell of IDE, but from the command line as well if there is a need to use them as external tools already installed in the project environment. IDE IAR Embedded Workbench supports the development of project management functions to enable the user to control all project modules, for example, the original text files in C or C + +, assembler files connected files and other related modules. Files can be grouped with different options, as defined at the level of the whole project, group or only file.

UP.

Real-time operating system

OS RT - a special class of low-level software, which are developed on the basis of so-called real time (SRT), a common hallmark of which response time, is guaranteed not exceeding a predetermined interval.

The market has a lot of commercial OS RT there are, just a few of them: Nucleus PLUS (developer Accelerated Technology); CMX-RTX (developer CMX Systems); ThreadX (Express Logic); VRTX (the developer of Mentor Graphics); Windows CE and Windows NT Embedded (Microsoft Corp.); OS-9 (Microware Systems Corp.); RTOS-32 (On Time Software); QNX (QNX Software Systems Ltd.); ChorusOS (Sun Microsystems); RTX for Windows NT and Windows CE (VenturCom) ; VxWorks (Wind River Systems).

RTOS-32

In it a complex decision is presented for the high-performance built systems, being based on ?386 compatible platforms, the operating system of the hard real time of RTOS-32, which has the scaled architecture and consists of six components: RTTarget-32, RTKernel-32, RTFiles-32, RTIP-32, RTPEG-32 and RTUSB-32.

The module of RTTarget-32 is the basis of RTOS-32 and must be in all applications, developed on its base. It includes all tools, necessary for the start of applications of 32-bits in the embedded system. RTTarget-32 can execute one 32-bit application, built Win32 by a compatible compiler. It has loader, initializing an apparatus and starting application. RTTarget-32 also supports the set of calls of API Win32, allowing to start the programs, developed for the console mode of Windows NT. This emulation is fully enough for a load and implementation of the programs, created ordinary Win32 by compatible compilers, without changes or with minimum revisions.

UP.

The main characteristics of the kernel ARM7

Picture 1- is Flow-chart of kernel of Arm7 (animation is done in Gif Animator, started at the update of page, 10 shots, 5 reiterations, 89.8 kb)

32-bit RISC processor (32 - bit bus and addresses) with a capacity of 17 MIPS at 25 MHz clock frequency (peak performance of 25 MIPS).
32-bit addressing - linear address space of 4 GB - eliminates the need to be segmented, divided by banks or overlay memory.
Thirty-one 32 - bit register of general-purpose registers of six states.
The registers of addresses, records and conveyor.
Cyclical shift device and multiplication.
Three-level conveyer (command selection, its decoding and implementation).
Operating conditions of Big Endian and Little Endian.
Power supply 3.3 and 5 V.
The low consumption of 0.6 mA / MHz, in the manufacture of CMOS technology with the topological standards of 0.8 microns.
Fully static work, allowing further reduction of consumption by reducing the clock frequency.
Quick response to the interruption of real-time applications.
Support systems of virtual memory .
Simple, but powerful set of instructions.

Conclusion.

With the appearance of microcontrollers has become possible to perform critical tasks in the energy sector, in particular, the difficult relay protectors, have become safer since the number of mechanical parts which have been decreased semiconductors faster, since there are no delays that have been found in the mechanical details. And the controllers are smaller in size.