Donetsk National Technical University Yeremeyeva Mariya

Mariya Yeremeyeva

Faculty: of ecology and chemical technologies

Speciality: managment of ecological safety

Theme of master's work: Research and analysis of atmospheric air of Donetsk polluted by benz(a)pyrene

Leader of work: Irina Belyayeva

Materials on the theme of master's work: Library | Links | Report about the search

Email: eremeeva-86@mail.ru

Abstract

Topicality: during a long period of time a considerable excess of concentration of this substance in the atmospheric air of Donetsk city has been observed. So it is necessary to examine and analyze the atmospheric air of Donetsk city polluted by benz(a)pyrene, and to work out some mathematical models with the purposes to prognosticate future levels of atmospheric air polluted by benz(a)pyrene.

The aim of the work: to work out some recommendations as to improving the system of monitoring the benz(a)pyrene in Donetsk city.

Object of research: atmospheric air of Donetsk.

Subject of research: pollution of atmospheric air of Donetsk by benz(a)pyrene.

Tasks:

to collect and analyze the initial information concerning emissions of benz(a)pyrene;

to calculate the amount of gross emissions of benz(a)pyrene being made by enterprises of heat and power engineering and motor transport;

tto evaluate the degree of influence of separate branches of industry and motor transport upon the formation of level of the atmospheric air polluted by benz(a)pyrene;

to examine the dynamics of changes of benz(a)pyrene concentrations in the atmospheric air;

to evaluate the influence of weather conditions on benz(a)pyrene concentration in the atmospheric air;

to calculate the background benz(a)pyrene concentration in the atmospheric air;

to examine the migration and transformation of benz(a)pyrene in the environment;

to determine the zones of influence of enterprises which emit benz(a)pyrene;

to make an aggregate calculation as to the pollution of the atmospheric air with benz(a)pyrene in Donetsk city;

to work out a map of the atmospheric air of Donetsk city polluted by benz(a)pyrene with the help of which it could be possible to identify the most polluted areas of the city;

to work out some recommendations as to the improvement of the system of benz(a)pyrene monitoring in Donetsk;

to work out some mathematical models with the purpose to prognosticate the future levels of pollution atmospheric air with benz(a)pyrene.

The novelty of work:

for the first time there is a data as to gross emissions of benz(a)pyrene being made by the enterprises of heat and power engineering and motor transport in Donetsk city;

there is an analysis of benz(a)pyrene monitoring system in Donetsk city and the development of recommendations as to its improving;

there is a development of mathematical models with the purpose to prognosticate future levels of pollution of atmospheric air with benz(a)pyrene.

Fundamentals.

Monitoring of atmospheric air in Donetsk is realized by:

a complex laboratory monitoring the pollution of the environment of Donetsk region center in hydrometeorology;

a hygiene and sanitary laboratory of city sanitary-hygienic station

Benz(a)pyrene is a chemical carcinogen in the environment which is very dangerous for people’s health. In a Donetsk the benz(a)pyrene concentration is measured on 5 stationary posts controlling the atmospheric air state of Donetsk region center on hydrometeorology. For the last five years average monthly concentration of substance has changed from 1,2 maximum permissible concentration (MPS) up to 3,3 maximum permissible concentration. In certain months the concentration of benz(a)pyrene reached 5 - 9 maximum permissible concentration. In figure 1 the concentrations of benz(a)pyrene are presented.

Figure 1 - Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene.

In 2003 the amount of emissions of benz(a)pyrene began to decrese. Benz(a)pyrene emissions are taken into account at by-product coke plants only. However it is necessary to take into account the benz(a)pyrene emissions in all processes of fuel burning.

In the given work the intensity of benz(a)pyrene emission in Donetsk city made by metallurgical, power-producing complexes and motor transport have been calculated. Calculation was performed according to gross emissions of benz(a)pyrene per a unit of fuel having been burnt. The results of the calculations are given in table 1.

Table 1 - Gross emissions of benz(a)pyrene made by enterprises of Donetsk city.

Production: enterprise	Gross emissions, ton/year	Environmental dimension, %
By-product coke plant: open joint-stock company «Donetskkoks»	0,008	37
Metallurgy: closed joint-stock company «Donetskstal»-МP»	0,00044	2,1
Heating: utility enterprise «Teploset»	0,0128	59
Motor transport	0,00029	1,9
Total:	0,0215	100

It is possible to make a conclusion that public utility company «Teploset» makes the greatest contribution to the pollution of atmospheric air of Donetsk with benz(a)pyrene because its boiler-houses are located on the territory of the whole city. These boiler-houses in the city do not have any dust cleaning equipment. Enterprises influence the degree of pollution of the atmospheric air with benz(a)pyrene more than motor transport. The contribution of the enterprises is 98,1 %, and the same of motor transport is 1,9 %.

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