Faculty: Economy
Speciality: Economy of enterprise
The theme of improvement of expense management for management subject is examined in master's paper, which supposes opening of essence of expenses of enterprise, existent methods of management expenses, scientific developments and recommendations in this area, analysis of activity of enterprise and practical application of the offered recommendations. Work contains three sections: theoretical part, where the generally accepted positions and researches of problem are examined, part containing scientific research-and-developments author, practical part in which efficiency of the offered developments is analyzed on a concrete example.
Actuality of theme «Improvement of expense management» consists in that forming of charges of production and their account have an important value for entrepreneurial activity of organizations - this is important not only in connection with that an enterprise has expenses in producing goods and services which are important feature of activity, and this also means that wrong organization of expenses leads to the catastrophic consequences. This work implies connection with the study of such disciplines as an economy of enterprise, management, finances of enterprise, innovative policy. In addition, allows in more detail to study the mechanism of forming of expenses on an enterprise, their minimization, and also to form the certain pictures of that as necessary to organize activity, to maximize a profit reducing expenses and the same to strengthen competition positions at the market.
The purpose of master's paper is in more detail to consider a management expenses on an enterprise, and also to offer the recommendations on the improvement of this mechanism.
Basic researches in the field of management expenses on an enterprise in Ukraine belong to such scientists and practices: Khobte V.M., Chernikovoy E.G., Egorovoy S.A., Romanenko V.A., Volkovoy M.V. etc., at global level: O.V. Alekseevoy, M.A. Bolyukh, M.A. Bakhrushinoy, V.F. Head, M.G. Gorbatyuku, S. Dataru, K. Druri, V.B. Ivashkevichu and other. Scientific meaningfulness of these developments is based on the search of the most effective administrative decisions and proper state information businesses in one or another area of activity of organization at concrete moment of time.
Coming from higher that was said it is possible to understand that correct organization of account of expenses allows to receive considerable results in a short period of time, to promote profitability of production, increase the volumes of realization, reduce losses and practical meaningfulness of this subject of researches consists herein.
In world practice distinguish two control system of expense management – standart-kosting and direkt-kosting. Standart-kost in the complete understanding of word means standard expenses. This system is directed above all things on control after the use of direct charges of production, and contiguous calculations — for control of overhead costs. The calculation of brief prime price and determination of marginal profit lie in Direkt-kost. He has two variants: easy direkt-kost (variable expenses are taken into account only) and developed direkt-kost (variable and permanent expenses are taken into account).
Besides these systems it is necessary to take into account the followings factors of expenses enterprises:
1. Increasing of production technical level.
2. Modernisation of production organization and labour.
3. Changing of volume and structures of products, which can result in the relative diminishing of conditional-permanent expenses (except for depreciation), relative diminishing of depreciation decrees, changing of nomenclature and assortment of products, increasing of its quality.
4. Improvement of the natural resource using.
5. Accounting branch factors etc.
The systems of expense and factors accounting which were indicated higher influenced on their level are generally accepted, but insufficient. For the increase of efficiency of management the expenses of enterprise it is necessary to conduct permanent monitoring of external economic environment and to spare considerable attention an inflationary level in a country and investment plans of development.
In the conditions of inflation not only a profit from realization increases, but also expenses of enterprise grow up on acquisition of raw material, materials, electric power, receipt of credits and other At exceeding of rates of price advance on these resources as compared to the costs of the realized products, circulating costs are required at an enterprise, foremost money assets, requirement grows in additional sources, the holds are loosened, financial position gets worse. Measures on a fight against negative influence of inflation on the level of expenses of the separately taken subject of management must be developed coming from the folded situation on an enterprise after the lead through of the detailed analysis of internal possibilities on a management expenses, namely, whether more attention costs to spare setting of norms of labour, load and intensity of work of equipment, to the economy of resources on the separate articles of calculation, to stimulate workers to more effective labour, to require debtor debt liquidation, try to reduce creditor, to increase production volumes and so on must be decided by the proper organ of enterprise management. Managers and specialists of enterprise must conduct monitoring of external environment and analysis of economic situation in a country, to set their influence on activity of management subject and in this connection correct attained and to forecast the future results of activity, that independently to design inflation.
Investments are the very important aspect of providing of effective activity of enterprises. Investment expenses can give to enterprise real jerk in development, and their absence or realization of investment project without preliminary researches and cost accounting to result in the gradual decline of profitability of activity of management subject, and afterwards bankruptcy. Therefore, for providing of strategic development of enterprise, it is necessary to carry out the self-weighted policy of investment of facilities and estimate risks which arise up here, in particular case risks are related to instability of external economic environment, forecast level of inflation, instability of national currency, by the changes of preferences of investors etс. Such scientists and practices were engaged in the problem of realization of effective investments as Fedorenko of V., Okhoba O.M., Latyshov M.V., YastrubeckayA D.S., Sharko M.V., OnirschenkO V.O., Rumyanceva G.I. etс. For investors the most optimum variant to date is realization of the real investments, that investment of facilities in financial transmitters and development of own enterprise, that reduces the risk of absences of costs. Thus besides adding offered before to the instruments of estimation of efficiency of investment investments, it is necessary to take advantage of index of operating lever: similar investments will be effective on condition of gradual decline of this index in the flow of investment cycle.
That’s why the transferred factors make difficult control system by the expenses of enterprise and provide his successful functioning and saving of competition positions. Priority of these researches consists in that correct organization of aims of activity and mission of enterprise can not be carried out without the preliminary analysis of that environment where an enterprise will operate, its requirements to the necessary expenses and return from them. Therefore importance of correct expense policy talks for itself. The account of all factors of the system of expenses will allow not only to get a return from the inlaid facilities, but also to forecast possible production problems and avoid them.
On this stage the prosecution of master's paper is not finished, after December, 2009 a complete variant can be got from an author or from a scientific adviser.