Kornienko Mariya
Faculty: of Ecology and Chemical Technology
Minerals and еkological geology department
Speciality: Ecological geology
The them of master`s degree work:
Predictable of distribution of toxic elements in soils in connection with the different anthropogenic sources of contamination on the example of Donbas
Supervisor: Vyborov Sergei, сandidate of scince, assistant professor
ABSTRACT
The theme novelty
It is known that toxic elements are dangerous for people’s life and health. The level of their danger is determined by the concentration and form of the finding. At the present there is the normative base which defines limited concentrations for some elements in soils. The natural character of the toxic elements distribution in soil is determined by background concentrations. The existed natural laws are disturbed, anthropogenic anomalies are formed which are learned little. It is necessary to research them for defining the degree of pollution danger in soil territory, influence zone determination by pollution sources. Without solving these important questions it is impossible to develop effective nature protect measures directed to the territory protection from toxic elements pollution. Considering that the main source of the soil pollution is the air polluted by emissions, the studying the laws of toxic elements distribution in soil allows to clear up with the conditions and directions of anthropogenic component emission migration.
Work connection with scientific programs, plans, themes
The work is being done for development and improvement of the methodic of soil condition monitoring in enterprises’ influence zones and in Donetsk suburbs conditions in cooperation with PHGP “Artemovskaja hydro geological party”. Soil monitoring in Donetsk is included into the program of nature protection activities in Donetsk for 2008-2009.
The purpose and tasks of the research
The purpose of the work is the researching of the laws of toxic elements distribution in soil for estimation of the danger degree, their pollution size, the definition and division of the anthropogenic influence zones for pollution sources.
The work idea. On the base of studying the character of toxic elements distribution in soil influence zones of different sources with anthropogenic action it is necessary to define the geochemical direction of the polluted processes, to do the comparison of geochemical anomaly specters and to justify the definition and differentiation of their influence zones.
The research tasks:
- to study natural and anthropogenic facts which have influence on toxic elements distribution in soil;
- to study natural and anthropogenic processes of migration and localization of toxic elements in soil;
- to research the landscape-geochemical territory conditions;
- to study concentration and association zonality of anthropogenic pollution blooming;
- to confer geochemical parameters of pollution blooming in connection with the activity of different anthropogenic sources;
- to deduce the geochemical formula of each object.
The subject of research is the soils of influence zones of different sources with anthropogenic activity.
The research objects are the influence zones of Slavanskaja, Luganskaja, Kurahovskaja, Starobeshevskaja, Zuevskaja WES, JSC “DMP”, Larinskij polygon SDR, Larinskij polygon IBW, Mospinskij MRP, CE “Makeevskij gorvodokanal”, waste banks №1-7 Branch and mine № 1named after Gorkogo.
The research methods are:
- complex analysis of basic data;
- composing of sorting for the research structure of learned subjects;
- statistic results analysis;
- the research of spatial laws (the designing and interpretation of maps).
The scientific novelty
The scientific novelty is in summing up of materials about the conditions of soil zones of different pollution sources influence (regional and local); in making comparison analysis of blooming for different pollution sources influence; in obtaining the laws which allow defining the regional anthropogenic zonality in distribution of toxic elements in soil.
The practical meaning of obtained results is in estimating conditions of different pollution sources influence, improving the methods to definition, differentiation of different pollution sources influence.
Work approbation
According to research materials the thesis of report were published on XX All-Ukrainian scientific conference of students and post-graduates on the topics: “The estimation of waste bank emission influence on the soil quality of the adjoining territory” and “The utilization of solid domestic waste in region”.
The main work contents
In the first and the second parts of the master’s work the general characteristic of natural and anthropogenic factors and migration processes and the localization of toxic elements in soils are presented (Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Anthropogenic sources of pollution. GIF-animation, 10 frames, looped repetition, 12 Kb
On the figure:
1 - Acidic gases (sulphur dioxid and nitrogen oxides released into atmosphere).
2 - Gases carried by the wind.
3 - Gases dissolve in rainwather to form acid rain.
4 - Acid rain kills plantlife polluter rivers and streams and erodes stonework.
In the third part the methods of studying the laws of toxic element distribution is described.
The forth part of the work is devoted to the characteristic of geochemical landscapes researched territory.
The fifth part is devoted to the studying the laws of toxic elements distribution in connection with studied pollution sources.
In the sixth part the problem of differentiation of different pollution sources influence is discovered.
Conclusions
For the first time on the analysis base of the laws of toxic elements distribution in soil the comparison of anomaly blooming in connection with different anthropogenic influence sources has been done. The associative blooming zonality has been studied, geochemical anomaly specter has been defined which allows to do the identification of pollution sources, to define and differentiate the zones of their influence. The methodically reasonable decision of these tasks allows estimating truly the degree and size of negative anthropogenic activity on the environment, timely and in the necessary direction to make a decision about the development and realization of necessary nature protection means provided the ecological safety of the territory.
The work has not been finished yet. The final results will be presented in December of 2010.
Literature
- В.А. Алексеенко Экологическая геохимия/Алексеенко В.А. - М.: Логос, 2000. – 615 с.
- В.А. Алексеенко Металлы в окружающей среде. Почвы геохимических ландшафтов Ростовской области/Алексеенко В.А. - М.: Логос, 2002. – 312с.
- В.А. Алексеенко, Л.П. Алексеенко Геохимические барьеры/АлексеенкоВ.А.,Алексеенко Л.П. - М.: Логос, 2003. – 114 с.
- А.И. Перельман Геохимия ландшафта/Перельман А.И. - М.: Высшая школа, 1989. – 234с.
- В.Р. Клер, В.Ф. Ненахова, Ф.Я. Сапрыкин Металлогения и геохимия угленосных и сланцсодержащих толщ СССР. Закономерности концентрации элементов и методы их изучения/Клер В.Р.,Ненахова В.Ф.,Сапрыкин Ф.Я. - М.: Наука, 1988. – 256 с.
- А.Б. Каждан, О.И. Гуськов, А.А. Шиманский Математическое моделирование в геологии и разведке полезных ископаемых/Каждан А.Б.,Гуськов О.И.,Шиманский А.А. - М.: Недра, 1979. – 168 с.
- П.А. Леонов, Б.А. Сурначев Породные отвалы угольных шахт/ - М.: Недра, 1970. – 112 с.
- Г.В. Войткевич, А.Е. Мирошников Краткий справочник по геохимии/Войткевич Г.В.,Мирошников А.Е. - М.: Недра, 1970. – 280 с.
- В.И. Тютюнова, И.А. Сафохина, П.Ф. Швецов Техногенный регрессивный литогенез/Тютюнова В.И.,Сафохина И.А.,Швецов П.Ф. - М.: Наука, 1988. – 183 с.
- Р.И. Бурда Антропогенная трансформация флоры/Бурда Р.И. - К.: Наук. думка, 1991. – 53 с.
- Грязная отрасль В.Н. Бурлака, В.К. Назарчук: [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.tek.ua/article0$pa!256$a!326201.htm
Page up
