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Магистр ДонНТУ Пахоль Юлия Олеговна
Yulia Pahol

Faculty: Physical-and-metallurgycal

Speciality:Thermal power

Theme of master's work: "Research of thermal power of caldrons БКЗ-75-39ФБ at the use natural and metallurgical gases with the purpose of increase of efficiency of their use"

Scientific adviser: associate professor, candidate of engineerings sciences Dmitriy Parhomenko


Materials on the theme of master's work: About author

Summary of research and developments:


Introduction:


                     Thermal power stations of the industrial enterprises play an essential role, both in respect of additional manufacture of the electric power, and in respect of maintenance of continuous power supply of the important technological objects of the enterprises and recycling of different secondary kinds of energy carriers - a waste and by-products of the basic manufacture, for example, domain gas. The equipment of many PS morally also has physically decayed. The capital equipment most part has been put into operation in 1960 - 1980. Over 40 % of power units have fulfilled the resource. Ageing of the power equipment leads to low power efficiency of it's work and promotes increase of emissions of harmful substances in environment.

                     The overall performance copper thermal power station is appreciably defined by quality indicators of control systems of process of burning of gas fuel and first of all systems of automatic regulation expenses of general air which are intended for support of the most economic mode of burning In a copper fire chamber. Full burning of unit of volume of fuel demands giving of certain volume of air which quantity depends on a grade of fuel and it's characteristics. For the purpose of elimination possible not burning and maintenance of a necessary stock on regulation in a fire chamber moves the little more than air, than it is necessary for full combustion of fuel. The size of surplus of air essentially influences warmth losses in a copper with smoke gases, chemical and mechanical not burning, and finally - on copper EFFICIENCY.

                     Now on the majority котлоагрегатив thermal power station of the industrial enterprises the control of structure of smoke gases is not spent, and regulation of expenses of air is carried out behind regime cards. Therefore working out of methods and means of optimum control of processes of burning of gas fuel which provide increase on copper EFFICIENCY thermal power station of the industrial enterprises and decrease in emissions of harmful substances in environment, are actual scientifically applied problem.


А work Essence:


                     Masters work for given time only in the course of "creation". The given work will beпредпологается to carry out research of thermal capacity of coppers БКЗ-75-39ФБ established on thermal power station-PVS of Enakievsky metal works at burning of natural, domain gases For the purpose of definition of optimum indicators of their expenses and the most favourable indicators in cost the plan. (The dominating percent - domain gas) calculations of mixes of gases will be made for a finding of the best percentage parity.

                     Fuel Burning - chemical process of connection of fuel with oxygen in which result it is allocated warmly in certain quantity and new products are formed. That fuel and oxygen have entered chemical reaction, they should be preliminary mix and the mix should have inflammation temperature. Thus, to passage of process of burning precede physical process of preparation of reagents to interaction. Gaseous fuel burn in the torch way. The torch represents a flaring stream of gas which has the geometrical form and a certain orientation. At burning of gases it is necessary to deal with two streams - gas and air. In a place of a meeting and character of hashing of these streams distinguish three methods of burning of gases:

1)       gas and all air necessary for burning, meet with each other behind a torch and mix up in top internal space in the course of burning; this method of burning name torch with full external hashing;

2)       gas and some part of air from it's total necessary for burning, preliminary mix up with each other to a start in top internal space, and other air meets and mixes up with gas in top internal space in the course of burning; this method of burning name torch with partial previous hashing;

3)       gas and all air necessary for burning, mix up with each other to a start in top internal space.

                     Fuel for thermal power station-PVS coppers is gaseous fuel (Domain, natural) and black oil. В    quality of a principal view of fuel For work of coppers domain gas or a mix of natural and domain gases in any parity with obligatory illumination by natural gas is used. All coppers can work as on a mix of gaseous fuel, and separately.

                     Power ability of principal views of fuel:

                     •       domain gas - Q r n =772 Kcal/nmeter 3 ;

                     •       natural gas - Q r n =7918 Kcal/nmeter 3 .

Table 1. Steam-boilers of the boiler workshop of PS

The station number

(st. №)

Type of boiler

Year of starting

Nominal parameters of steam

Nominal output, tph

kgf/sm

0С

st.№1

БКЗ-75-39ФБ

1960

39

440

75

st.№2

БКЗ-75-39ФБ

1960

39

440

90

st.№3

БКЗ-75-39ФБ

1961

39

440

90

st.№4

БКЗ-75-39ФБ

1966

39

440

90

st.№5

БКЗ-75-39ФБ

1968

39

440

90

st.№6

БКЗ-75-39Д

1972

39

440

75

st.№7

БКЗ-75-39Д

1977

39

440

75


Thermal power station appointment:


                     The Boiler shop is structural division of thermal power station-PVS and Carries out:

                    a)       operation of steam coppers;

                    b)       operation of the auxiliary the equipment of boiler shop;

                    c)       maintenance plant  consumers the ferry of necessary parametres;

                    d)       a heat supply of factory and appartament.

                     The rimary goals and functions of boiler shop are:

                     1.     Development of steam and maintenance Uninterrupted supply of consumers by thermal energy.

                     2.     Decrease in the expense of the electric power and heat For own needs.

                     3.     Decrease in the cost price of the released To steam consumer.

                     4.     Mechanization and automation Productions, introduction of the scientific organisation of work on purpose Increases of the between-repairs period of the equipment.

                     5.     Performance Industrial-economic plans.


The literature:


1. Гелетуха Г.Г., Железная Т.А. Анализ основных положений «Энергетической стратегии Украины на период до 2030 года» // Промышленная теплотехника. – 2006. - Т.28. - № 5. – с. 82 – 92.

2. Семикин И.Д., Аверин С.И., Радченко И.И. Топливо и топливное хозяйство металлургических заводов. – М.: Металлургия, 1965. – 392 с.

3. Юрьев Б.П., Телегин А.С. Теплотехника и металлургические печи. Топливо и расчеты горения. Конспект лекций. – Свердловск: МВ и ССОРСФСР, 1976. – 75с.

4. Сорока Б.С., Згурский В.А., Пьяных К.Е. Математическое моделирование нагревательных печей и топок котлов, работающих на природном газе // Проблемы экологии и эксплуатации объектов энергетики. – 2003. – с. 51 – 55.

5. Равич М.Б. Эффективность использования топлива.– М.: «Наука»,1977.

6. Никифоров Г.В., Заславец Б.И. Энергосбережение на металлургических предприятиях. – Магнитогорск: МГТУ, 2000. – 238 с.

7. Пиир А.Э., Кунтыш В.Б., доктора техн. наук. Определение показателей тепловой и экономической эффективности ТЭЦ без разделения расхода топлива и оборудования по видам продукции // Теплоэнергетика. – 2006. - № 5 – с. 66 – 69.

8. Соколов Е.Я. Теплофикация и тепловые сети. – М.: Энергоиздат, 1982. – 425 с.

9. Беркович А.Л., канд. техн. наук. Устройство для впрыска жидкости в поток газа // Промышленная энергетика. – 2003. - № 9 – с. 25 – 26.


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