Abstract
Theme urgency.
One of the priority purposes of the majority of the countries of the world is maintenance of long-term economic growth. Economic growth is accompanied by production efficiency increase, unemployment reduction, stability of the prices and expansion of foreign economic relations both other positive economic and social processes. These purposes of economic growth can be reached at use in all spheres of economic activities of achievements of the scientific and technical innovations named innovations. Each enterprise should develop and improve production. Otherwise it will not possess competitive advantage that will lead to loss of commodity markets. For this reason the enterprise constantly is in search of new ideas which can be used for profit reception. Innovations, extend on new products, ways of their manufacture, an innovation in organizational and financial sphere. The innovation is an improvement of activity of the subject of the managing, bringing positive economic, social or ecological result. The innovation represents use of scientific achievements in commercial objectives. In spite of the fact that at our country there is an innovative potential which will help to improve a financial condition of subjects of economic activities, the orientation of this potential on realisation of scientific achievements in manufacture and other fields of activity is smallest. During the given period of time at the enterprises sharp decrease in innovative activity is observed. Relative density of the enterprises and the organisations which are carrying out working out and use of innovations, has decreased. Thus, activization of innovative activity is the major precondition of use of scientific and technical potential, growth of competitiveness of production of the enterprises that will cause improvement of their financial condition and consequently also an exit from an economic crisis, increases of a standard of living of the population. In the given degree work development of innovations at the enterprise, formation of innovative possibilities which will promote in turn to improvement of a financial condition of the enterprise is described. Thus the innovative process, the a high probability of successful activity is fast carried out. Innovative activity represents system of actions for use scientific, scientific and technical and a mental potential for the purpose of reception of the new or improved product or the service, a new way of their manufacture for satisfaction both individual demand, and requirement of a society for innovations as a whole. In the conditions of economy the analysis of efficiency of innovative activity becomes complicated, getting multistage character. On development of innovative processes and possibilities, various groups of factors influence: economic, technological, political, legal, socially-psychological and organizational-administrative.
Methodical basis
As methodical basis of the given degree work works of such authors, as V.I.Borshchevskaja, Blank I.A., Kravchenko S.I., A.G.Pronchenko, N.E.Mitin, V.J.Gorfinkel, V.A.Shvandar, F.Kotler, Fathutdinov R. A, Kovalev V.V. have served., Gruzinov V.P., Gribov V.D., Valdajtsev S. V. and others. Theoretical basis are: marketing, the economic theory, strategic planning, quality management, regional economy, economy of the innovative enterprise, and others. Innovative development of the organisation in our conditions - an integral part of the main activity of the enterprise as promotes creation high-quality competitive production and services, best-selling in the internal and external markets. Such features of innovative activity as high social and economic potential, individuality of innovations and high degree of risk, cause necessity of all-round studying of this field of activity.
Purpose,work problems and research methods
The purpose of the given degree work consists in improvement of a financial condition of firm by revealing of innovative possibilities. The purposes of the given work are reached by the decision of following problems. It first of all:
- сonsideration and studying of concepts of "innovations", «innovative activity» and «innovative process»;
- definition of a direction of development of innovative activity at the enterprise;
- working out of innovative process in modern conditions of managing;
- regulation and the control of innovative activity;
- definition of the basic sources and principles of financing of innovative activity;
- consideration of the basic forms of financing of innovative activity;
- definition of efficiency of innovative activity: an estimation of efficiency of innovative activity.
Object of research - process of formation of innovative possibilities of improvement of a financial condition of firm.
Object of research - principles and methods of formation of innovative possibilities.
Research methods. In the course of work following methods have been used:
- the historical method - plays the important role, allows to find out, how arise and economic systems develop. Such approach helps to present particularly and visually all features of each innovative system at different stages of its historical development, including distinctive lines of modern economy and innovative processes;
- the logic method - allows to apply laws and forms of correct thinking. With their help the validity of stated judgements and conclusions is reached. The logic method helps to understand more deeply cause and effect dependences in innovative activity;
- economic-mathematical methods and the economic statistics - consideration of qualitative signs of economic systems is supplemented with studying of the quantitative party of economic processes by means of methods of mathematics and statistics;
- the method of scientific abstraction - is used for development of those or other abstract concepts or categories. This method abstracts from minor properties of object, and the necessary properties are allocated;
- the analysis and synthesis - provides studying of innovative processes of the enterprise, both in parts, and as a whole;
- the system approach - an analysis and synthesis combination provides the system approach to difficult objects of research;
- the graphic method - is based on use of various drawings, tables, schedules, diagrammes etc. Thanking these tools presentation and compactness in a statement of a theoretical material are provided;
Figure 1. - Methods research
Work approbation
Results of work provide performance and participation in scientific conferences, and also use of results of work for a writing and the publication of specialised articles.
BASIC POSITIONS OF DISSERTATION
In the given degree work theoretically also will be practically investigated about those factors which influence formation of those innovative possibilities of activity of the enterprise which lead to improvement of a financial condition of the subject of economic activities are generalised. In the introduction the urgency of a theme of the given work will be proved, are described the purpose and problems, a subject and object of work, methods which were used in the course of work are described.
In the first section masters works «Theoretical aspects of development of innovative activity at the enterprise» strategy of innovative activity at the enterprise will be considered. Strategy represents the generalised model of the actions necessary for achievement of objects in view. Strategic innovations have anticipatory character and are directed on reception of considerable competitive advantages in the long term. Value of development of the strategy allowing the enterprise to survive in competitive struggle in long-term prospect, is extremely great¬. In the conditions of a rigid competition situations in the market very important not only to concentrate attention to inwardness of affairs, but also to develop long-term strategy. In the past many enterprises could function successfully, daily solving the internal problems connected with increase ¬ of efficiency of use of resources in current activity¬. Now the strategy providing adaptation of the enterprise to environment is exclusively important¬. Financial possibilities of the enterprise essentially influence a strategy choice. Such steps to behaviour as an exit on ¬ not investigated markets, working out of a new product or transition in new branch, demand considerable financial expenses. Therefore the organisations having the big financial resources or possessing easy access to them, are in ready best position for a choice of variants of strategy. Qualification of workers as well as financial resources, plays a considerable role at a strategy choice. In the first section as aspects of development of innovative activity and the characteristic of innovative processes at the enterprise in modern conditions of managing will be described. Innovative activity of the enterprise is directed first of all on increase of competitiveness of production ¬ of the company (given services). And still, as are important out of industrial aspects of activity ¬ of firms on competitiveness strengthening, a basis ¬ are quality and the price. At the same time service top-level ¬ creates the big appeal. Innovations not simply break existing traditions, they also bring in the much bigger income, than the usual risky business enterprises.
In the second section of work «Analysis of innovative possibilities of Open Society «Donetsk Experimental Mechanical-repair factory» is provided research of a financial condition of the enterprise which includes the analysis of property of the enterprise, the analysis of actives and passives, the analysis of financial stability of the enterprise, the analysis of liquidity and solvency of the organisation, the analysis of profitability and business activity of the subject of economic activities.
In the third section «Recommendations about formation of innovative possibilities of improvement of a financial condition of the enterprise» will be described ways of optimisation of innovative processes of the investigated enterprise leading to increase and improvement of a financial condition of the organisation. Calculation of efficiency of application at the enterprise of the generated innovations is described. A basis of an estimation of efficiency составляюет correlation of expenses and results of their realisation. All above-named estimations are recommended to be made with ¬ use of following indicators: the net profit, integrated ¬ effect; a profitableness index; internal norm of profitableness; a time of recovery of outlay of investments and other participants reflecting interests or specificity of the project. The estimation of efficiency of investment projects should ¬ be made taking into account discounting of the specified indicators, i.e. by their reduction to cost at the moment of comparison. Itis caused by that monetary receipts and expenses are carried out ¬ during the various time periods and, hence, have different value. In the third section are described the characteristic of results of innovative activity of the investigated enterprise. It is an important point as as a result of innovative activity the new ideas new and advanced products are born, new or advanced technological processes, there are new forms of the organisation and management of various spheres of economy. Results of innovative activity in the form of innovative production which can have the concrete material form or to be in not substantiated form. In the conditions of market economy the analysis of efficiency of innovative activity becomes complicated, getting multistage character. At the first analysis stage of efficiency of new technics and technology it is necessary to apply traditional generalising and private indicators of a technological level and efficiency new and technologies. Indicators of technical innovations are defined at several stages. In the conditions of extending market space rates of updating amplify. In manufacture simultaneously there are goods, technics and technology at different stages of the life cycle, belonging to different models and generations. Both in manufacture, and in operation not always it is possible to estimate useful effect of innovations by means of cost estimations. Positions of increase of competitiveness are defined, first of all leadership, in made production, leadership in technologies, last, rather disputable statement as many enterprises use ready inventions. Innovations have huge value for national economy development as a whole, and priority branches first of all.
At present, work over master dissertation is not finished, and the definitive variant of work can be received in December, 2010 at the author or at the supervisor of studies.
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