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Abstract

Содержание

1. Justification of the topic and its relevance

At present, with an increase in the scale and intensification of production increases and the human impact on the environment. A more complex effect on the environment of mining. After all, coal, accompanied by a pumping shaft and mine water issue to the surface of waste rock, methane and dust, as well as the deformation of the earth's surface, which leads to pollution of water resources, air and soil. [1-4]

The combined effects of the mine on the environment requires a comprehensive solution to this effect.

Every thousand tons of underground mining on the surface accompanied by the issuance of 110-150 m3 of rock, a thousand tons of coal - storage of 100-120 m3 of rocks. In order to avoid the accumulation of rock and earth surface deformation and to obtain additional environmental effect must be to lay the rock in the mined-out space, which is produced by purifying coal extraction. Mine is also a natural rock material for construction, raw materials for chemical industry, materials for the preparation of agricultural fertilizers [5]. This use of the breed will provide cost savings and will preserve the land that would be violated by the activities of specialized companies for the extraction of mineral resources for construction materials.

Flat dumps

Picture 1 – Flat dumps

Developed a number of technical solutions to reduce harmful effects on the environment reset pumped water from the mine workings (reset to the regional drainage network along the way-extracted mine water is about 0.9 billion m3 (10 m3 per tonne of coal)[2]. This will change the approach to the pumped water and use it for drinking and technical needs of enterprises and households. You must make the proper handling and treatment of mine water, after which they can not just be dropped into the water, but also widely used in industry for dust control, heat removal for mine air conditioners, hydrotransportation backfill and coal, hydraulic and coal. And as for irrigation of agricultural land, but only if the degree of mineralization will conform to established standards.

The main danger and harm is methane, which is released during coal mining. He is the principal source of explosions and fires at the mine, as well as a strong greenhouse gas, creating a greenhouse effect, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. Therefore, in my opinion, the problem of methane is a priority. Extraction of methane from coal deposits would solve several problems at once: to use recovered methane to generate electricity, heat, etc., to reduce emissions of methane into the atmosphere, reduce the amount of methane in the mine workings, and thereby improve the safety and efficiency of coal[8].

Evaluation of energy potential of the gas alone Donetsk mines showed that in their mining leases contain more than 26.5 billion m3 of methane, which has properties identical to natural gas Urengoy field. Reserves of methane on individual mines ranged from 0.2 to 4.7 billion m3. For example, in the depths of the mine Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3 – 3-3.5 billion m3

Formation of the technological scheme of mine methane

Picture 2 – Formation of the technological scheme of mine methane Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3

The need for production of gas from coal seams in the industrial scale is explained as follows:

  1. Ukraine has a large part of the world's reserves of coal, the deposits are characterized by a high gas content and uglenasyschennostyu [6].
  2. Gas production at all stages of working out of a mine field (prior to the development of the deposit coal mines during the period of their operation and after closure) provides the most comprehensive natural resource deposits, improves efficiency and safety of coal mining in the underground space.
  3. Feasible and cost-effective production of methane makes the availability of modern, efficient technologies.
  4. This allows you to increase the role of methane in the fuel and energy balance [7,9-10].
Chart of degassing of gas-bearing array at driving of the vertical making, and - mining holes are bored from a daily surface a - mining holes are bored from the special chambers

Picture 3 – Chart of degassing of gas-bearing array at driving of the vertical making, and - mining holes are bored from a daily surface a - mining holes are bored from the special chambers

2. The purpose and objectives of the study

The purpose of this paper is provided justification for the choice of technology and natural resource management in the mine Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3, and the effectiveness of their implementation.

To achieve the objectives required the following tasks:

  1. To analyze the research in the field of rational use of natural resources;
  2. To analyze the environmental situation at the mine Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3;
  3. To carry out the analysis and evaluation of the technologies of natural resource management;
  4. Run study areas and criteria for sustainable use of natural resources;
  5. Economically justify the technological solutions for sustainable use of natural resources.

The object of study:natural resources of the mine "Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3."

Subject of research: technological solutions for sustainable use of natural resources.

Methods: systematization, analysis, simulation method, the decision of situational problems, forecasting, statistical data processing.

3. Review of Research and Development

In the analysis of the topic of research are divided into several areas:

  1. Complex;
  2. Resource.

The complex problem of rational use of natural resources is considered by authors such as N. Arkhipov, EA Elchaninov, DT Gorbachev in the book Coal mining and environmental management the authors Astakhov, AS, Yu Malyshev, LA Puchkov, Kharchenko VA in the textbook "Ecology: The mining and natural environment" as well as in the textbook Environmental management in the mining industry such authors as Yu.M.Arsky, N.A.Arhipov, V.D.Ayurov.

The resource addresses this issue:

In particular, the problem of methane seen in his writings Kuzera SV Drizdnik ID, Kaftan YS, YB Dolzhanskaya in this tutorial as a coal mine methane extraction and environmental protection Kasimov OI, Kasyanov V., Radchenko V. Experience and prospects for the use of methane, which is released from the mines, which are closed, and many others.

The problem of the use of mine water treated employees of the University in his writings ES Matlak, A. Yavruyan, Morgunov VM Belyaev, EL "On the non-traditional approach to solving the problem of contamination of mine water to reduce particulate matter based on the concept of sustainable ecological and economic development", as well as in his articles Minaev AA, ES Matlak, GV Averin On the maximum involvement of mine water in the economic supply of Donbass, Gorshkov, VA Cleaning and wastewater coal industry and many others.

The problem of mining rock saw Professor Artamonov, VN with their students in their research projects, namely T. Makarova in the master's work on Selection and justification of technological solutions for sustainable use of rock in the mine Ukraine Chudnovets VL in the master's work on The Rationale for the use of complex areas of mining rocks as a secondary feedstock Loskutov, E. in the master's work on Selection and justification of environmental and technological solutions for sustainable use of species as a resource in the mine Shcheglovsky-deep and Vasilishina AN in the master's work on Improving the use of complex species (as a natural resource) in the mine Russia "and many others.

4. The proposed scientific novelty

Scientific innovation – the development and study of technology management of natural resources taking into account the definition of the most important problems and their corresponding solution in the mine Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3.

The scientific novelty of the results revealed the following results:

  • Forecasting realized production volume of mine water, rocks and used methane in the mine at their maximum production with the use of mathematical modeling methods;
  • study areas of rational use of mine water, rock and coal mine methane in a real business based on an analysis of existing technological solutions;
  • feasibility study on the use of mine water, rocks and extracted from the mine methane as a raw material resources and opportunities to use them.

The practical value – provides practical suggestions for the justification of the uses of mine water, rocks and methane have been proposed technological solutions to the conditions of the mine.

Findings

Environmental problems associated with the issuance of the surface rocks, mine water purification and extraction of methane is very relevant and require consideration and decision. This issue should be considered comprehensively, but we need to consider and prioritize the use of natural resources, in my master's work priority is given to the use of methane as the issue in terms of the enterprise is most acute. As a result of my master's work will provide data that can be used at the mine Yuzhnodonbasskaya number 3, thereby improving the ecological environment and possibly human health. It can also be obtained for the economic benefit from the use of mine methane, water and rocks directly on the plant. List of sources

Список источников

  1. Н.А. Архипов, Е.А. Ельчанинов,Д.Т. Горбачёв Добыча угля и рациональное природопользование– М.: Недра, 1987.–285с.
  2. Астахов А.С., Малышев Ю.Н., Пучков Л.А., Харченко В.А. Экология: горное дело и природная среда: Учеб.для вузов.–М.: Издательство Академии горных наук, 1999. -367с.: ил.
  3. Экология горного производства: Учебник для вузов/ Г.Г. Мирзаев, Б.А. Иванов, В.М. Щербаков, Н.М. Проскуряков.–М.: Недра, 1991.–320с.: ил.
  4. Красавин А.П. Защита окружающей среды в угольной промышленности. – М:Недра,1991.-221с.
  5. Леонов П.А., Сурначев Б.А. Породные отвалы угольных шахт. – М.:Недра,1970.-112с.
  6. Меркулов В.А. Охрана природы на угольных шахтах.– М.:Недра,1991.-184с.
  7. 7. Рациональное природопользование в горной промышленности: Учебное пособие для вузов / [Ю.М.Арский, Н.А.Архипов, В.Д.Аюров и др. Под общей ред. В.А.Харченко.–3-е изд.] – М.: МГГУ, 2000. – 443с.
  8. Сохранение окружающей природной среды на горнодобывающих предприятиях: монография / [С.С.Гребенкин, В.К.Костенко, Е.С.Матлак и др.]–под общ. ред. Гребенкина С.С и Костенко В.К. – Д.: «ВИК», 2009. – 505 с.
  9. Угольное производство как источник техногенного воздействия на земную атмосферу / Г. Л. Майдуков // Уголь Украины. 2008. № 2. –с. 27-34.
  10. Шапарь А. Г. Экологические проблемы горнодобывающей отрасли и некоторые пути их решения // Горный журнал. – 2005. № 5, май. – С. 20–23.