Abstract
Contents
1. Relevance of the topic
2. The purpose and objectives
3.Problematika creating SPZ
4. Legal and regulatory framework for the establishment of sanitary-protective zone
5. Characteristics of waste dump of the mine name
Zasyadko
6. Determination of the sanitary-protective zone
7. The calculation of the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
Conclusions
Source List
1. Relevance of the topic
currently limits of sanitary protection zones are established on the basis of normative documents adopted during the secÎÍÄ half of the 20th century. It does not take into account the physico-mechanical components of an array of rock waste dumps and the extent of their distribution and impact on the environment.
presence of modern computer technology makes it possible to calculate the boundary of the sanitary protection zones taking into account the above factors and the dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric surface layer.
Background work is that the determination of the correct boundaries of sanitary protection zones will ensure fulfillment of their legal status, regulated by law.
2. The purpose and objectives of the work
Purpose - The study methods for determining the boundaries of sanitary protection zone waste dump.
to disclose this goal the following tasks:
- Study of the regulatory framework to establish the boundaries of sanitary - protective zones, waste dumps.
- Study of existing sanitary protection zones of rock piles in Donetsk.
- Study of methods for determining the boundaries of sanitary protection zones.
- Calculation of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone taking into account the waste dump of dispersion of harmful substances in the atmospheric surface layer.
3.Problematika creating SPZ
Coal Company, built early last century, in accordance with the concepts and laws of the relevant period of time. The location of infrastructure and housing near a large company was not commonplace. This situation was due to purely economic benefits. As such, the concept of "negative effects" of production on the environment of man and nature in the occupied lands, did not exist. Over time, the relevance of environmental well-being came out on top.
One of the main environmental impacts of coal enterprises due to the presence of large areas of waste dumps, which are calculated for the boundary of the SPZ. Effect of waste dumps is dusting and air pollution of coal dust and breed, and sometimes the products of combustion are not extinguished dumps.
to reduce financial costs and reduce the impact of waste dumps on the environment carried out work on the creation of sanitary barrier, the organization of additional green space, provide screening, the assimilation of atmospheric air pollution and improve the microclimate of comfort, the works of land reclamation.
Problemsa sanitary protection zone (SPZ) around industrial enterprises rose to the authorities of settlements recently, the main obstacle to their arrangement yavlyatsya that the vast majority of areas was built up at a time when even the term "sanitary protection zone" did not exist. Moreover, not all companies currently have around their borders undeveloped areas where there is a possibility of arrangement of the SPZ, as required by law.
4. Legal and regulatory framework for the establishment of sanitary-protective zone
legal regime of land buffer zones waste dumps by the legislation of Ukraine (Table 1).
Table 1 - The regulations, indicating the need for SPZ
| The normative act |
contents of the article |
| Land Code of Ukraine [ 1 ] | Clarification of land designation of buffer zones. Indicated the need for soil conservation. The concept of industrial pollution areas. |
| Law "On Air Protection" [ 5 ] | indicates the need to establish buffer zones around facilities that negatively affect the state of the atmosphere. |
| ÍÏÀÎÏ 10.0-5.21-04 [ 6 ] | It is stated that each waste dump should be created for the project. All the steps to create, including the SPZ shall be carried out on the basis of the project. A method of determining the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone waste dump. |
| ÄÑÏ 3.3.1.095-2002 [ 7 ] | Specifies the size of the sanitary protection zones of rock piles, as specified measures to protect the environment. |
| ÎÍÄ-86 [ 3 ] | rules are given for the establishment of maximum permissible emissions and determining the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone. |
| ÄÑÏ ¹ 173-96 [ 2 ] | Identifies classes of sanitary protection zones of waste dumps and their sizes. |
| ÑÎÓ 10.1.00174125.003: 2004 [ 4 ] | The basic provisions for the establishment of sanitary protection zones, dimensions, specifications, methods of calculating the boundaries of sanitary protection zones of rock dumps. |
Concept of sanitary protection zone is defined by the industry standard of Ukraine [ 4 ]. SPZ - a specially organized by functional area between the industrial enterprise or other production facility, which is the source of emission of harmful factors in the environment, and the nearest residential development or equivalent thereto by objects that are created to reduce the residual impact of these factors on the level of hygienic standards in order to protect the public from its adverse effects.
Sanitary protection zone is an indispensable element of any object, which is the source of the impact on the environment and human health.
Create SPZ and calculation of parameters for waste dumps, designed, renovated, operated or removed, shall be subject to implementation at their complex technological and environmental measures to protect the environment (air, soil, groundwater) from contamination [ 4 ].
Size of the SPZ shall be in accordance with the ÄÑÏ ¹ 173-96 [ 2 ] Their adequacy is checked against the indices of air pollution by chemicals, noise, etc. according to the ÎÍÄ - 86 [ 3 ]. Zones of negative effects, which are used to adjust the size of the SPZ are determined depending on the impact of businesses on the contamination of groundwater, soil, flooding areas, methane gas emission within the trough shift shafts in accordance with the industry standard of Ukraine [ 5 ].
Regulatory SPZ shall be determined in accordance with ÄÑÏ ¹ 173 [ 2 ]:
a) Class II SPZ - 500m:
1. works for the extraction of stone, brown coal, and other;
2.porodnye dumps of coal mines that are operated; inactive waste dumps height H> 3O m, poverzhen³ combustion; inactive waste dumps height H> 50 m are not affected by burning;
b) Class III SPZ - 300m:
1. production of briquettes from a shallow peat and coal;
2. hydraulic mines and processing plants with the wet process of enrichment;
3. inactive coal mine waste dumps height H <50 m, are not subject to burning.
Recent studies have shown that by using different measures in the SPZ can improve the ecological cÎÍÄition of the territory that surrounds a source of emissions and Shade in the price of the land and its deficit for the needs of society.
5. Characteristics of waste dump PAO mine name Zasyadko
Consider the methodology for constructing the sanitary protection zone for example waste dump PAO mine name Zasyadko
Mine Zasyadko located in Donetsk, Donetsk region. The site waste dump is located on the lands of the PCB Spartacus
Yasinovatskiy region Donetsk region at a distance of 4 km. from the main industrial area.
Closest to the site facilities:
- gardens to the north of the partnership Ugleavtomatika
;
- west rail path PTU Donstskpogruztrans
;
- industrial buildings to the south of the city of Donetsk;
- residential development to the east of the village Yakovlevka.
Waste dump PAO mine name Zasyadko
was commissioned in 1959, in 1976 under the breed blade set aside 35.7 hectares of land decision Yasinovatskiy District Council of People's Deputies and issued Act for the right to use land
¹ 43 . In the operation of waste dump due to the increased capacity of the mine increased footprint of the blade.
Currently breed PAO mine name Zasyadko
stockpiled rock mass, mining rock provided by mining, and the breed of the process of coal on the CCF Kyivskay
.
Estimated quantity of spoil heap of rocks at 3960 tonnes a year.
According to the PAmine name Zasyadkois currently the size of the sanitary protection zone is deposited on the waste dump project boundary and installed:
500 meters - to homes in Donetsk;
500 m - homes n Yakovlevka;
300 meters - to the territory of an existing garden community.
Each breedBlade according to the law should have the project documentation according to which area of ??land allocated for permanent use by breed blade is 78.58 hectares, is currently the area waste dump is 68.6 hectares. Land under the plow breed selected according to the Act on the right of use of land issued by the Council of People's Deputies Yasinovatskiy.
6. Determination of the sanitary-protective zone
According to the ÄÑÏ 173 - 96 [ 2 ] derived from the calculations SPZ must be qualified in both upward and downward, depending on the wind rose of the area of ??enterprise .
Estimated
SPZ boundary is calculated as follows:
where L - the estimated boundary of the SPZ, m;
- regulatory boundary of the SPZ , m;
- weighted average of the frequency of wind directions in%;
- the frequency of wind directions considered rumba (the direction to the points of the sides of the visible horizon light) in a circular wind rose (with 8-rumbovoy wind rose 100/8 = 12.5%) in the direction of wind, for which 
, we can take 
.
But in each of the cases examined, the SPZ is recommended to take not less than the health of the classification.
calculated by this formula SPZ shown in Table 2.
Table 2 - Calculated values ??of SPZ annual wind rose.
| The wind direction on the rumba |
N | NE | E | SE | S | SW | W | NW |
|
10 | 15 | 24 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| L, m | 500 | 600 | 960 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
7. The calculation of the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere
Real SPZ-specific waste dump can be obtained after calculating the dispersion of pollutants in the surface layer of the atmosphere.
pollutants that enter the atmosphere, diluted in the air and carried by the wind at different distances. This leads to a decrease in the concentration of pollutants in the areas of emissions and simultaneously increase the area of ??air pollution, which can lead to an increase in the sanitary protection zone (SPZ).
The severity of air pollution is characterized by the highest calculated value of the concentration correspÎÍÄing to the adverse weather conditions, including the dangerous wind.
Data for the calculation of the SPZ in this paper come from the mines name Zasyadko
. By the formulas to determine the concentration corresponding to the nodes of a substance in the estimated area in the surface layer.
The methodology [ 3 ] calculate dispersion of matter in the air is the dependence of determining the value of the maximum concentration of pollutant C m (mg / dm) in computational nodes from a single site of a point source:
M (g / s) - the mass of pollutant emitted to the atmosphere per unit of time;
F - a dimensionless coefficient that takes into account the sedimentation rate of harmful substances in the air;
t and n - coefficients. taking into account the conditions of exit gas mixture from the mouth of the emission source;
H (m) - height of the emission point above ground level;
- a dimensionless coefficient that takes into account the influence of terrain, in the case of a flat or slaboperesechennoy area with a height difference of not more than 50 m to 1 km, = 1
( C°) - the difference between the temperature of the discharged gas mixture T ã and the temperature of the ambient air T â ;
- emissions from gas-air mixture, defined by the formula:
where D (m) - the size of the mouth of the emission source;
(m / s) - the average exit velocity of the gas mixture the mouth of the source release.
These concentrations translate into relative units. The points with the same values ??are applied to the MPC card, and then form a figure called isolines concentrations. After that, the resulting image are applied boundary of the SPZ, the sources of pollutant emissions.
Sanitary protection zone based on the total dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric surface layer.
Conclusions
Donbass region is officially recognized by the adverse environmental cÎÍÄitions. Therefore, to reduce the negative impact of harmful substances in the human, it is important to know the exact size of the sanitary protection zones. Requirements for the establishment of the SPZ boundaries of rock dumps allow maximum efficiency of land use for different purposes with minimal impact of negative factors from the sources of pollution - waste dumps.
Thus, we conclude that the problem is the establishment of SPZ waste dumps, are relevant to the Donbass and require further consideration and study.
In writing this essay master's work is not yet complete. Final completion: December 2012. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his head after that date.
Source List
- The Land Code of Ukraine of 25.10.2001 ¹ 2768-III. [Electronic resource], 03/15/2012. – Mode of access: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua
- ÄÑÏ ¹ 173-96 Public health planning regulations and building settlements on 6/19/96. [Electronic resource] 03/15/2012. – Mode of access: http://d ocument.ua /
- ÎÍÄ-86 State Committee. Union-wide regulatory document. Methods of calculating the concentrations in the atmosphere of harmful substances contained in the release of the enterprises. - Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1987. . [Electronic resource] 03/15/2012. – Mode of access: http://document.ua/
- ÑÎÓ 10.1.00174125.003:2004 sanitary - protective zone (SPZ) of the coal industry.DESIGN PROCEDURE
- The Law of Ukraine "On protection of atmospheric air" from 16.10.1992 ¹ 2707-XII. [Electronic resource] Access mode 03/15/2012: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/
- ÍÏÀÎÏ 10.0-5.21-04 INSTRKUTSIYA C to prevent spontaneous ignition, extinction and the dismantling of waste dumps from 26.10.2004r.Number 236 [electronic resource] 15/03/2012. – Mode of access: http://document.ua/
- ÄÑÏ 3.3.1.095-2002. PUBLIC HEALTH RULES AND REGULATIONS "Coal Companies" from 13.12.2002 N 468 [electronic resource] 03/15/2012. – Mode of access: http://zakon.nau.ua/