Abstract
Content
In today's
world, project management has become an integral part of a successful company. The
use of technology project management enables organizations to reduce the
duration of the projects, reducing the total cost. In
project management a schedule of works. In
order for the project was completed on time, it is necessary to control the
timing of the work.
In the system of project management planning occupies an important place.
Planning - is the development of targeted actions for the implementation of the
project, providing the order, sequence and timing of works and ensuring
efficient use of logistics, manpower and financial resources. Taken
on the basis of plans for management decisions should meet the progressive
organizational and technical and technological principles of all types of work
within the given timeframe and with high quality.
Planning covers all phases of the project at various stages and varies only
the specifics of the planned activities and the complexity of their
implementation.However, there are general, common to all stages of the project
approaches. Their essence
is based on the assumption that the goals of the project and the amount of work
needed to achieve them, can be structured and described accurately and in terms
of valuations. On
the other hand, adopted as a basis for how to implement the objectives set out
in the project define the sequence of individual species and stages of work,
qualifications of performers, which depend on the timing of the project and its
cost.
1. Theme urgency
Project management is
a set of methodologies,
techniques of models,
methods,
hardware
and software used
in the
development and implementation
of projects.
Projects are
unique,
time-limited and
require resource-intensive processes. An
essential part of the models
and methods of
project management make the
task of building schedules of
the project, mainly
related to the
distribution of
scarce resources. Problems of
resource allocation on
the network
schedules are complicated
multiextremal problems. There
is a small number
of private performances, for
which exact
methods proposed solutions. In
the general case,
the approximate and
heuristic algorithms. The
complexity of problems increases
even more,
given the
time of shifting
resources between
activities.
Existing mathematical
methods do
not account for blurring the
original data,
which shows the
relevance of the
study of fuzzy
logic to
model the project
management.
2. Goal and tasks of the research
The
purpose of this work is a system analysis of the project as an object of
control and the problem of fuzzy control projects with using of
trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.
The objectives of the study are:
- study of a typical project structure and its characteristics;
- analysis of existing approaches to managing the schedule of the project;
- system analysis of the planning and managament of the project schedule;
-modification of the fuzzy critical path.
The work is supposed to explore ways to apply fuzzy logic in the tasks of
project management, to adapt the fuzzy critical path method to the use
of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, to construct algorithms for this method, and to
develop appropriate software.
3. The study of the theory of fuzzy sets in the management of project schedule
The problem of project management refers to the problems of
optimization under uncertainty. As
a rule, to solve such problems of the theory of probability
involved.
However, in some situations, the application of probability theory
is not valid and justified. The
reason for this is lack of available data, not allowing a sufficient
degree of certainty to establish adequate selected to describe the
situation of the probabilistic model. In
such circumstances, there is a need for other, non-probabilistic,
approaches to the assessment of uncertainty. One
such approach is based on the theory of fuzzy sets.
With regard to the problem of managing projects involving the theory
of fuzzy sets are faced with two tasks:
- obtaining estimates of parameters of the project in the form of
fuzzy numbers;
- the formation of the optimal allocation of the project, based on
the obtained fuzzy assessments.
When project management is most often used method is the critical
path [1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6] for finding the maximum duration of the
project. This
method is used when there is a complete and accurate information on
the duration of operations.
For the cases of interval and fuzzy uncertainty, that is, cases of
awareness, with which it is possible to obtain analytical
expressions for the parameters of the event, also developed a method
for fuzzy critical path [7,8,9]. Model
uncertainty interval considered in the fuzzy case, in which the
relative duration of the operation is fuzzy information.
Fuzzy information regarding the duration of the operations can be
obtained from experts in the situation in a situation where the
project and each operation is unique (scientific, organizational
and other projects) and there are no regulations as well as
statistical data.
Conclusion
At present, the project
management managers are faced with the problem of blurring the original data of
the project. This
applies especially to projects that are developed and implemented for the first
time and do not have any statistics.Review
of existing methods has shown that many of them are not adapted to the use of
fuzzy estimates, so the current is the use of fuzzy logic in project management. Fuzzy
critical path has a rather generic form and are labor-intensive computing. MCC
helps to avoid the law of Parkinson's and at the same time, protect against
Murphy's Law. The
above method of project manager focusing on the performance of the team, offers
a new method for tracking the progress of the project based on the use of
buffers of time and resources. MCC
can be used in almost all areas where applied project management methodology, do
not require significant rebuilding process in the project.
During the
systems analysis project schedule showed that when assessing the temporal
characteristics of work and project schedule network analysis it is advisable to
use the elements of fuzzy logic.
In
writing this essay master's work is not yet complete. Final
completion: January 2013. The
full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author
or his head after that date.
References
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