Contents:
Introduction;
Energy is the leading element of modern industrial development of the national economy. The term "energy" is covered, as is well known, a wide range of plants for the production, transport and use of electric and thermal energy, and all other forms of energy, such as: compressed air, oxygen and other artificial. Among them are particularly important due to the universality of electricity its application in industry, transport and households and a great portability - many hundreds of kilometers with minimal loss.
In Ukraine, about 60% of the electricity produced by thermal power plants (TPP), which are the most important link in boilers that produce steam for turbine generators.
It should be further pointed out that the energy industry is the most complex energy complex.
It includes, in addition to conventional heating plants and steam power plants, special blowers and oxygen stations, industrial furnaces for various purposes, gasifier, drying and heat exchanging equipment, heat and gas networks, as well as diverse industrial electrical equipment.
When developing a couple of initial working substances are: fuel, oxidizer - mainly oxygen air and feed water from which the steam required parameters, and industrial waste - flue gases are cooled and shlakozolovye remaining fuel. Combustion gases obtained by burning (oxidation) of the fuel in the special device - furnace.
The heat generated is hot flue gas is then used to heat the heating surfaces of feedwater, its evaporation at a certain pressure, superheat steam generating, as well as for heating the air introduced into the furnace for the oxidation of the combustible fuel elements.
Flue gases, after passing said heat-discharge apparatus then into the atmosphere. Together with them part of the ash entrained fuel, while the remainder of the fused slag falls in the lower part of the furnace, where it is displayed and - continuously or intermittently.
The combination of the furnace and heat surfaces of the boiler unit is called; boiler plant is a broader concept that includes an additional device for preparing and entry into the furnace fuel, fans for air supply and exhaust to the atmosphere cooled flue gases, feed pumps and other smaller accessories.
Industrial use of steam is today almost two centuries, starting from the time Polzunova (1728-1766 gg.) And Watt (1736-1819 gg.), The history of continuous progress in the field of steam engines and steam boilers. However, significant advances have been made in these areas in the years 1930-1940. During this relatively very limited period of time in the boiler room techniques achieved in quantitative and qualitative terms, significantly more than during the previous 150 years.
Large shifts boiler technology in 1930-1640 gg., Reflecting the general acceleration of industrial and technological progress, are caused mainly by rapid development over the years Electroenergetics due to intensive growth of installed power of the national economy, a high concentration of capacity and use of electric power transport over long distances. It should be pointed out that before the October Revolution in the Soviet Union Boiler actually was not, like many other heavy industries, and the whole is relatively little need for steam boilers covered their imports from Germany and England. Starting with the 1928-1930 biennium. we have created a powerful and own furnace and boiler industry, be concentrated in a number of specialized factories, the most important of which are Taganrog, Podolsk, Barnaul and Belgorod.
Drum-type boiler TP-109 with natural circulation is designed for burning brand middlings Donetsk coals in the furnace with solid slag removal. The boiler works in the unit with the turbine K - 200 - 130 - 3 production LMZ.
Goals and objectives of the master's work
The aim of this study is to determine the optimal regime and improve the performance of the boiler TP-109 under the terms of the maximum boiler efficiency and minimal emissions of pollutants at different thermal loads, as well as the drafting of regime-ecological map of the boiler, the combustion of the Donetsk coal gas without illumination highly reactive fuel in the adjustment range of loads.
Technology of ecological and technological tests
Work is carried out in two stages:
1. The experimental part (carry out commissioning and balance tests)
2. The processing of materials testing (preparation of the technical report).
Working program provides for four-and-commissioning tests in the operating range of steam boiler load: 435 t / h (load block 130MVt), 520 t / h (load block 160MVt), 575 t / h (load block 180MVt) and 640 t / h (load unit 200 MW) to determine:
- The excess air ratio in the mode section under the terms of achieving optimal economic and environmental performance;
- Heat loss;
- Boiler efficiency "gross";
- Specific consumption of equivalent fuel per 1 Gcal of heat generated;
- Electricity consumption for own needs (for power consumption DV, DC, JEM SHBM, MB);
- The concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases.
After a series of routine-commissioning tests carried out experiments on the balance sheet of the above loads.
Conclusions.
Ecological and technological tests are carried out to analyze the boiler and possibly improve the performance, followed by hanging boiler efficiency for its further use.