Українська   Русский
DonNTU   Masters' portal

Abstract

Contents

Introduction

Rational use of natural resources, environmental protection, compliance with environmental and safety regulations are important in the context of the development of coal deposits. Donbass, being the largest coal basins of our country is characterized by a huge industrial potential. Coal mining face such negative phenomena as the formation of mine waters. Mine water is water entering the underground workings of the undermining of aquifers, surface water bodies (reservoirs) and the drainage pattern. Mine waters have a negative impact on the equipment and mining technology and degrade the quality of extracted minerals. Usually, mine waters are characterized by mechanical, chemical, bacterial contamination, and also deep mines and high mineralization.

The aim of the work is the selection and justification of technology of clearing of mine water in a mining enterprise on the basis of a water enterprise management modernization through the introduction of new technologies to expand the use of mine water for technological needs. In this formulation of the problem the object of research is the water industry Subdivision Mine 1/3 Novogrodovskaya SE Selidovugol and the subject of research is the latest technology to expand the use of mine water for technological needs.

1. Relevance of theme

Enterprises of coal industry reinforce existing environmental destabilization of the hydrosphere. They cause significant damage to water resources due to the depletion of ground water in drainage and exploitation, as a result of pollution of surface water discharges of inadequately treated mine, mining, industrial and domestic wastewater and runoff rainwater and meltwater from the industrial sites of the coal enterprises, dumps web of railways and roads. Featured industry and the general regulations of the mine water treatment schemes are cumbersome, require considerable capital investment in the current economic climate is unrealistic. Therefore the search for new and innovative solutions to reduce the harmful effects of mining enterprises on the natural aquatic environment with minimal cost is very important [1].

2. Analysis of the Impact of the negative object of research on natural environment

The main source of pollution of the water basin is mine water, which is issued to the surface of the drainage pump. For pre-treatment of mine water mine sump is used in which also water disinfection with liquid chlorine is carried out. Final mine water is lightened settling ponds of mine water capacity of 230 thousand m and further reset is at the beam Steep Yar in salt river. Domestic waste water from the site with the help of a sewage pumping station is discharged in full biological treatment facilities. Rain and melt water is drained naturally by the terrain in a retention pond mine water [3–6].

Driving

Drawing 1 — Driving shaft cleaning and sanitation and household wastewater
(animation: 15 frames, 5 cycles of repetition, 136 kilobytes)

Carrying

Drawing 2 — Carrying water consumption and disposal scheme

Generally mine water is contaminated with dissolved and suspended minerals, mineral bacterial impurities, organic and bacterial origin. Mineral contaminants are sand and clay particles, coal mineral inclusions (quartz, pyrite, carbonates), inert dust, as well as contained in mine waters dissolved salts, alkalis and acids. The predominant ions are calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorides, sulphates, bicarbonates, carbonates. Besides various mineral salts and other chemicals in mine waters 13 micronutrients are found. Generally, mine waters contain iron, aluminum, manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, and strontium. In general, the content of trace elements in the mine water by 1–2 times higher than in groundwater, due to which they are formed. When going through the mine workings, developed space, trunks mine water is contaminated with suspended solids, oil, organic and bacterial contaminants.

Suspended solids are represented by particles of coal and host rocks of various sizes, their ratio is not constant and can change with the development of conditions. They are produced and go into the water usaresultof the destruction of the rock mass and the reflected load mass on vehicles; when draining water through out space to drift; when mounting workings. petroleum content in mine waters is determined primarily by the level of mechanization of mining operations. Organic dirt particles are presented by coal, mineral oils used for the lubrication of mining machinery, waste products of living organisms, decomposition of wood, etc., the main part of which is the organic carbon. Organic contamination of mine water can be characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) [7–8].

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of mine water is determined by the amount of oxygen on the oxidation unstable organic substances for a certain period of time and is expressed. In the presence of a water sample using strong oxidizing COD. It characterizes the total content of organic matter in water by the number of oxygen consumed in the oxidation of 1 liter of water in certain conditions. Bacterial contamination of mine waters is represented by different microorganisms, among which the most common fungi, bacteria coliform. This is due to the water entering the products and wood rotting organisms [10].

Conclusion

Coal mining by underground methods can not be done without pumping mine water to the surface. Output from the mine water is polluted to varying degrees, suspended and colloidal substances, dissolved minerals (salts), bacterial impurities and therefore, as a rule, can not be used fully in the national economy, or discharged into the water body without treatment.

Pollution of mine waters is an important environmental problem of the coal industry, scientific and research work in this direction is carried out, but a wide industrial application stage has not been reached yet. In order to solve this environmental problem, to carry out modernization and technical re-equipment of enterprises of the country.

References

  1. Довкілля України за 2003 р. / Державний комітет статистики України. — Київ, 2004. — 264 с.
  2. Реки Украины — Режим доступа : http//www.erudition.ru. — 4 с. 3. Довкілля Донеччини за 2009 рік / Головне управління статистики у Донецькій області. — Донецьк. — 2010. — 154 с.
  3. Стан навколишнього природного середовища Донецької області у 2008 році / Головне управління статистики у Донецькій області. — Донецьк. — 2009. — 29 с.
  4. Пономаренко П. И. Экономика и охрана водных ресурсов Украины / П. И. Пономаренко, П. М. Моссур, Н. Н. Пинчук, Е. А. Яковлев. — Днепропетровск: Наука и образование, 1997. — 227 с.
  5. Коршикова И. А. Состояние водных ресурсов Донецкой области и их діагностика / Економічний вісник Донбассу. — Донецьк, 2011. — № 1 (23), — С.27–30.
  6. Программа научно-технического развития Донецкой области на период до 2020 года. — Донецк, 2007. — 211с.
  7. Заславский И. Ю. и др. Повышение устойчивости подготовительных выработок угольных шахт. М.: Недра, 1998. — 265 с.
  8. Кошелев К. В., Петренко Ю. А., Новиков А. О. Охрана и ремонт выработок. — М.: Недра, 1990.
  9. Бурчаков А. С., Гринько Н. К., Черняк И. Л. Процессы подземных горных работ. — М.:Недра, 1982. — 423с.
  10. Машины и оборудование для угольных шахт: Справочник. /Под ред.В. Н. Хорина — 4-е изд., перераб. и доп. — М.: Недра, 1987 — 424 с.
  11. Технология подземной разработки пластовых месторождений полезных ископаемых: Учебник для вузов / Д. В. Дорохов, В. И. Сивохин, И. С. Костюк и др. Под общ. ред. Д. В. Дорохова. — Донецк: ДонГТУ, 1997 — 344 с.
  12. Монгайт И. А., Текиниди К. Д., Николадзе Г. И. Очистка шахтных вод. М.: Недра, 1978 — 173 с.
  13. Горшков В. А. Очистка и использование сточных вод угольной промышленности. — М.: Недра, 1981 — 169 с.
  14. СНиП 2.04.02–84. Водоснабжение. Наружные сети и сооружения. Нормы проектирования. — М.: Стройиздат, 1985. — 134 с.
  15. Пособие по проектированию сооружений для очистки и подготовки воды (к СНиП 2.04.02 — 84). — М.: ЦИТП, 1989. — 128 с.
  16. Гребенкин С. С., Костенко В. К., Матлак Е. С. и др. Физико-химические основы технологии осветления и обеззараживания шахтных вод. — Донецк: „ВИК”, 2009. — 442с.
  17. Гребенкин С. С., Костенко В. К., Матлак Е. С. и др. Физико-химические основы технологии деминерализации шахтных вод. — Донецк: „ВИК”, 2008. — 287с.
  18. Найманов А. Я., Никиша С. Б., Насонкина Н. Г., Омельченко Н. П. и др. Водоснабжение. — Донецк: Норд-компьютер, 2006. — 654 с.
  19. Горшков В. А. Очистка и использование сточных вод предприятия угольной промышленности. — М.: Недра, 1981. — 269с.
  20. Парахонский Э. В. Охрана водных ресурсов на шахтах и разрезах. — М.: Недра, 1992. — 191с.
  21. Проектирование сооружений для обезвоживания осадков станций очистки природных вод. — М.: Стройиздат, 1990. — 33 с.
  22. Оборудование водопроводно-канализационных сооружений / Под ред. А. С. Москвитина. — М.: Стройиздат, 1979. — 430 с.
  23. СНиП–32.74. Канализация. Наружные сети и сооружения. Нормы проектирования. — М.: Стройиздат, 1975. — 134 с.
  24. Шевелев Ф. А., Шевелев А. Ф. Таблицы для гидравлического расчета водопроводных труб. — М.: Стройиздат, 1984. — 116с.
  25. Проектирование сооружений для очистки сточных вод (Справочное пособие к СНиП 2.04.03–85) — М.: Стройиздат, 1990. — 192с.
  26. Омельченко М. П. Коваленко Л. І. Про розрахунок волокняних фільтрів. // Проблемы экологии. — Донецк, ДонНТУ. — 2012. — № 1–2. — С.11–16.
  27. И.Г. Ищук, Г. А. Поздняков. Средства комплексного обеспыливания горных предприятий. Справочник. М.: Недра, 1991.
  28. Руководство по проектированию обеспыливающих мероприятий на угольных шахтах. Макеевка, Донбасс. МакНИИ, 2000.
  29. Акимова Т. А., Хаскин В. В. Экология: Учебник для вузов. — М.: ЮНИТИ, 1998 — 455 с.