Abstract
Contents
- Introduction
- The purpose and objectives of the study
- Relevance and novelty of the work
- The characteristics of the situation in the sphere of waste management in the Donetsk People's Republic
- Conclusions
- References
Introduction
The problem in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) remains relevant all over the globe. World technical progress naturally has resulted in human existence being environmentally dangerous – primarily because of the formation and accumulation of a huge amount of industrial and consumer waste. Biosphere components contaminated by waste of all hazard classes, including municipal solid waste (hazard class IV), have a negative impact on human health and life. Environmental activity as an alternative to the economic one is not able to ensure the prevention and restoration of destroyed or affected by anthropogenic pressure ecosystems with the observed depletion of natural resources [1].
The purpose and objectives of the study
The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop a scheme for sanitation in the cities of the Azov Sea Region, on the example of the city of Novoazovsk and calculating the main environmental and economic indicators for the design of the landfill site that meets sanitary and hygienic requirements.
Objectives
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to fulfill following tasks:
- study of the state of the current system of collection and removal of solid domestic waste in the city of Novoazovsk;
- identify the reasons for the absence of separate collection of garbage;
- to compare the methods of utilization of individual morphological fractions of solid waste and to offer the optimal solution for the development of the scheme of sanitary cleaning of the city;
- to carry out ecological and economic calculation and on the basis of the received data to justify the feasibility of opening a landfill site that meets the sanitary and ecological requirements.
Relevance and novelty of the work
Relevance
The development and implementation of a scheme for sanitation of the city of Novoazovsk will solve the problem with waste on the territory of the locality, help to overcome the difficult environmental situation with the landfill site for MSW, and also give a new impetus to the development of the waste recycling.
Novelty of the work
In the master's thesis, the scheme of sanitation of the city of Novoazovsk will be justified and proposed.
Practical significance of the work
The research and received estimates and experimental data allow to bring sanitary-ecological indicators of the city of Novoazovsk in line with confirmed requirements for tourist recreational cities.
The characteristics of the situation in the sphere of waste management in the Donetsk People's Republic
In February 2014 (in connection with the political situation), there was formed the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), which included the following administrative entities: Donetsk, Makeyevka, Gorlovka, Yenakiyevo, Torez, Zhdanovka, and also Starobeshevo, Telmanovo, Amvrosievska and Novoazovsk districts. Despite the military situation and shelling of the cities and districts, public services continue to work, especially in Donetsk. At the same time, Novoazovsk district experienced the devastation, evidenced in the pollution of the territories, the same applies to Novoazovsk.
In 2015, in accordance with a decision of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, it was adopted the basic law in the
field of municipal solid waste – The Industrial and Consumer Waste Act
[6], because the sphere of waste management
poses a major threat to environmental safety. By the Decree of the Head of the Republic № 07 of January 23, 2017, it was established the State
Committee for Environmental Policy and Natural Resources under the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic, the main task of which is to
ensure environmental safety in the Republic. However, due to continuing fighting, it is impossible to conduct full control in the field of
waste management, therefore in the period from 2014 to 2015 no statistics are collected. In early 2017, the Main Department of Statistics
of the DPR provided data on the state of waste management (Table 1).
Table 1 – Data on waste generation and management by administrative entities of the DPR for 2016, tons
| Name of administrative entity | Education | Recycled | Burnt | Located on special sites | Availability at the end of the year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Note: * – the sum of 3, 4 and 5 columns does not coincide with the value of column 2, because accumulated early waste was exposed to utilization, processing, recycling, incineration, decontamination, etc.
An analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that the level of waste utilization in large cities and regions continues to be very low.
Among the administrative entities, the best result is shown by the town of Snezhnoye (the utilization amounts to 48,19 % of the generated
waste), and the worst is the town of Kirov (0,45%). Among the districts of the Republic, the minimum indicator belongs to Telmanovo
district (15,03%), while Novoazovsk district occupies a leading
position (46,17 %).
Altogether, in 2016, in the territory of Republic there were generated 5940117,9 tons of waste, among which 1447469,5 tons (24,63%) were disposed of, 1525,7 tons (0,03%) were incinerated, 4428282,4 tons (75,34%) were placed in a specialized facility. Thus, taking into account the previously accumulated amount of solid waste, its volume at the end of 2016 amounted to 1,521 billion tons. As follows from Table 1, the generated waste in 2016 can be represented by hazard classes as follows (tons) [7]:
hazard class I – 10,1;
hazard class II – 409,9;
hazard class III– 2394,9;
hazard class IV – 5937303,0.
Thus, the bulk of the waste is composed of hazard class IV – 99,95%. The diagram of waste generation by administrative entities of the Donetsk People's Republic is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1 - Structure of waste generation by cities/districts of the DNR
That illustrates the fact that the major
subjects of waste generation and accumulation are large cities – Yenakiyevo, Donetsk,
Makeyevka and Torez, which together constitute 77,35 % of waste in 2016.
In general, the situation in the field of waste management in the Donetsk People's Republic can be characterized as unsatisfactory. Today, in the Republic, only a quarter of the waste is disposed of, processed, recycled, incinerated or decontaminated, while the remaining three quarters are located at designated sites and waste disposal sites, with a 74 % occupancy rate as of 2016. Annually, on the territory of the industrially developed Republic, a large volume of waste of various hazard classes is generated, which requires close government control over the situation in the field of waste management, especially in the southern regions.
Conclusions
To solve the problems of the city of Novoazovsk in the field of waste management, it is necessary:
1) to develop and implement a scheme of sanitation of the city and to that end:
– to introduce a separate collection of garbage;
– to equip the sites throughout the territory of the city and increase the number of containers for collection of municipal solid waste;
2) to identify the reasons for the discrepancy of statistical data in the cities and districts of the Republic;
3) to organize reception points for secondary raw materials in the city;
4) to develop a project for the construction of a landfill site that meets sanitary and environmental requirements;
5) to undertake awareness-raising and sensitization of the public about the necessity of separate collection of garbage.
When writing this paper, the master's thesis is not yet complete. Final completion: June 2018. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be received from the author or his supervisor after the specified date.
References
- Внукова Н.В., Беспалова М.В. Твердые бытовые отходы: объективная реальность, проблемы накопления и переработки. // Н.В. Внукова, М.В. Беспалова., Ю.С. Зубова, Н.П. Горох / Вестник Харьковского национального автомобильно-дорожного университета, Харьков: 2008. – 278 с..
- Статистичний збірник. — Державний комітет статистики України, Головне управління статистики в Донецькій області. — Донецьк, 2012. – 502 с.
- Проект регионального стратегического плана управления твердыми бытовыми отходами в Донецкой области на 2005-2009 год. – Донецк:Тасис, - 2004.- 115с.
- Филипп Фишо, Руководство по переходу к западной системе сбора ТБО / Программа Тасис Европейского Союза (Украина), 2007.-17 с.
- Охрана окружающей среды и рациональное использование природных ресурсов: сборник докладов XI Международной научной конференции аспирантов и студентов (Донецк, 11–13 апреля 2017 г.) / ДОННТУ, ДОННУ ; [редкол.: К.Н. Маренич, Е.В. Кочина (отв. Ред.) и др.]. – Донецк : ГОУ ВПО
ДОННТУ
; Ростов-на-Дону : Издательство Южного федерального университета, 2017. – С. 205-207. Об отходах производства и потребления
[Электронный ресурс]: закон №82-IHC Донецкой Народной Республики от 09.10.2015 – Режим доступа: http://dnrsovet.su/zakon-ob-othodah-proizvodstva-i-potrebleniya-82.- Бондаренко А.Н., Чайка Л.В. Сравнительный анализ эколого-санитарного состояния города Новоазовска // Проблемы социально-экономической географии и природопользования : сборник трудов Всероссийской научной конференции (Ростов-на-Дону, 1 декабря 2017 г.) / Южный федеральный университет ; [редкол.: В.В. Латун и др.] – Ростов-на-Дону ; Таганрог : Издательство Южного федерального университета, 2017. – С. 126-130.