Назад в библиотеку
Автор: Mahajan Khushal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
GSM Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using AVR
Mahajan Khushal1, Chaudhary Jaydip2, Bachhav Jitendra3,Prof. Ms. A. B. Pawar4
UG Student, Dept. Of E&TC., Gangamai College of Engg, Nagaon, Dhule (Ms), India1, 2, 3
Assistant Professor, Dept. Of E&TC., Gangamai College of Engg, Nagaon, Dhule (Ms), India4
Abstract: The target connected with this anticipate is to illuminate doctor about patient condition, who is in Intensive Care Unit, on his portable
or tablet. For the therapeutic experts to screen patients condition is most extreme critical. In particular doctor's facility or clinical focus where a
solitary specialist goes to numerous patients, it is hard to monitor basic conditions created in each of the patients. This anticipate gives a gadget
which will persistently screen the indispensable parameters, for example, heart thumps, BP, temperature of patient and do information logging
ceaselessly. In the event that any parameter crosses safe minimal level, this unit additionally raises an alert furthermore speaks with the
concerned specialist by method for a SMS. Another objective of this anticipate is to construct a reduced and savvy gadget fit for checking a few
medicinal parameters while patients lead their ordinary every day exercises, and store these parameter readings in an installed framework based
versatile gadget. A correspondence convention and patient observing programming application are actualized to store information that can be
later downloaded to a doctor's workstation for investigation and finding..
Keywords - Patient monitoring, blood pressure, AVR microcontroller, GSM
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I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
LITERATURE SURVEY
In today‟s world it becomes very essential for
Tolerant observing is not another framework in
medical practitioner to keep health track records of patients.
human services as it was initially begun in the year 1625 for
Medical practitioner needs to monitor more than one body
checking the body temperature and pulse of patients. Along
parameters of patients that are either hospitalized or at work
these lines, this framework has started to discover its use
but need continuous medical care. This need of patient and
and acknowledgment for checking diverse sorts of
practitioner attracted many researchers and developer to
physiological parameters and wellbeing related perspectives
develop new device which is easy to use, reliable and cost
that are being performed as of not long ago.
effective. Although present systems in hospitals allow
These days understanding observing frameworks are
continuous monitoring of patient vital signs, these systems
accessible in two structures:
require the sensors to be hardwired to nearby, bedside
monitors or PCs, and essentially confine the patient to his
•
Single-parameter observing framework
hospital bed. Building such monitoring system has
following challenges that we are going to address
•
Multi parameter observing framework
Selecting vital signs and location sensors that are
low cost, low power, accurate and able to
Single parameter observing framework: This framework is
communicate with other components.
utilized for measuring the circulatory strain of a human
Selecting a lightweight, low cost platform that
body, checking ECG, checking SPO2 (oxygen immersion in
incorporates wireless communications.
blood), et cetera.
Devising a packaging of the sensors and platform
that is acceptable to patients and convenient to
Multi parameter observing framework: This framework
handle.
is utilized for checking different basic physiological
Analyzing the data from the sensors and presenting
indications of patients by transmitting the crucial data like
ECG, breath rate and circulatory strain, and so on. Because
alerts and data to practitioners.
In order to address above challenges we have
of these reasons, multi parameter understanding observing
frameworks assume a noteworthy part in the field of
designed Patient Monitoring System using GSM. This
patient monitoring system incorporates body temperature
restorative gadgets.
For observing the patient it is constantly required to screen
sensors Heart beat sensors, blood pressure sensors and
signal processing unit and local alerting system and GSM
essential indications of the patient like temperature,
circulatory strain and heart rate and so forth these
module to communicate with physician.
parameters influences the opening body so it was important
The proposed patient monitoring system would be
to contemplate the chronicled foundation of every one of
beneficial for medical practitioners to do proper and better
treatment; also it would be useful for health care providers
these parameters
to improve disease management.
442
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
442 - 445
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Estimation of Heart Rate: The ordinary scope of heart
Blood is pumped by the left side of the heart into
pulsates is 60-90 BPM (Beats every moment). Ordinarily
the aorta, which supplies it to the arterial circuit. Due to the
heart thumps are measured by utilizing stethoscope and
load resistance of the arterioles and the precapillaries, it
wrist watch. This technique was embraced by the vast
losses most of its pressure and returns to the heart at low
majority of the specialists and paramedical staff. In this
pressure vie highly distensible veins. The right side of the
technique heartbeat are detected by touch and in some cases
heart pumps it to the pulmonary circuit, which operates at
they were heard by stethoscope at wrist of left arm. In the
lower pressure. The heart supplies blood to both circuits as
event that the beat is powerless then it was heard at left half
simultaneous intermittent flow pulses of variable rate and
of heart. These heartbeats are measured regarding wrist
volume. The maximum pressure reached during cardiac
watch. Amid this procedure manual blunder may get
ejection is called systolic pressure and the minimum
presented.
pressure occurring at the end of ventricular relaxation is
termed as diastolic pressure. The mean arterial pressure over
Estimation of Heart rate utilizing electronic gadgets:
one cardiac cycle is approximated by adding one third of the
Heart rate is gotten by from the ECG signal. It is measured
pulse pressure
(difference between systolic and diastolic
by either the normal or prompt time interims between two
values) to the diastolic pressure. All blood pressure
progressive R crests. A normal rate
(beats/moment) is
measurements are made with reference to the atmospheric
computed by including the quantity of heartbeats given time.
pressure
The normal technique for estimation does not demonstrate
The most frequently monitored pressure, which has
the genuine photo of heart's reaction. Beat to beat
clinical usefulness in medium and long term patient
computation is finished by measuring the time
(T), in
monitoring, are the arterial pressure and venous pressure.
seconds, between two back to back heartbeats, and changing
Blood pressure can be measured directly or indirectly.The
over this time into pulsates/minute, utilizing the formal
indirect method consists of simple equipment and cause
thumps/min = 60/T. This procedure precisely speaks to the
very little discomfort to the subject but they are intermittent
genuine photo of the heart rate. Taking into account above
and less informative. They are based on the adjustment of a
standards heart rate meters are separated into two gatherings
known external pressure equal to the vascular pressure so
that the vessel just collapses. On the other hand, the direct
•
Average heart rate meters
methods provide continuous and much more reliable
information about the absolute vascular pressure from probe
•
Instantaneous heart rate meters
or transducer inserted directly in to the blood system. This is
achieved at the cost of patient‟s disturbance and increased
complexity of instrument.
A number of utomated blood pressure measuring
instruments have been designed which make use of the
Riva-rocci method [6]. They operate in a manner analogous
to that employed by a human operator, but differ in the
method of detecting the pulsation of blood flow at the
systolic and diastolic levels.
Measurement of temperature:
The average temperature of an adult measured
orally is between 36.7OC and 37OC. A temperature higher
than the usual average is called a fever or hyperthermia and
when it is below normal value it is called as hypothermia.
ECG Waveform in its Original Form
The body temperature can be measured at oral,
rectal and axillaries (under the arms) sites. It can also be
Calculation of heart rate from patient‟s ECG based upon the
measured in the ear at the tympanic membrane (ear drum).
reliable detection of the QRS complex. Most of the
The thermometer may have a long slender tip is best for oral
instruments are, however, quite sensitive to the muscle noise
or axillaries temperature; the rounded tip is used to take
(artifacts) generated by patient moment. This noise often
rectal temperature. To read a mercury thermometer it is hold
causes a false high rate that may exceed the high rate alarm.
at eye level and turn until the mercury line is seen. The
by using a QRS matched filter we can reduce a false alarm
upper end of the line the highest point the mercury has
generated by muscle noise
reached gives the temperature.
Measurement of blood pressure:
Blood pressure is the most often intensively studied
III.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
parameters in medical and physiological practice. The
The architecture of the proposed work PATIENT
determination of only its maximum and minimum levels
MONITORING SYSTEM is developed as shown in figure.
during each cardiac cycle supplemented by information
The main aim of the system is to monitor more than one
about other physiological parameters is a valuable
parameter of patient. Microcontroller is used to control the
diagnostic aid to access the vascular condition and certain
circuit action and programmed to provide desired operation
other aspects to cardiac performance.
of the system. Atmega16A microcontroller is used in this
443
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
442 - 445
_______________________________________________________________________________________
D1
T1
1
Vin
Vout
3
application. The system consists of two temperature sensor,
D2
GND
IC1
interfaced with the microcontroller. One of which is used to
D3
C1
C2
R1
D5
D4
16X2 LCD
monitor the temperature of the ICU,
Calibratedin degree Celsius and other one is used to monitor
VCC
16X2 Charactor LCD
the temperature of the patient‟s body, which is calibrated in
LM-35
Temperature Sensor
3
S1
R2
degree Fahrenheit unit.
21
IC1
R3
VR1
3334
PA7 (AD7)
PB0 (XCT/TO)
12
LM-35
35
PA6 (AD6)
PB1 (T1)
3
36
PA5 (AD5)
RB2 (INT2/AIN0)
4
3
PA4 (AD4)
RB3 (OC0/AIN1)
2
3738
PA3 (AD3)
RB4 (SS)
56
1
PA2 (AD2)
RB5 (MOSI)
VCC
3940
PA1 (AD1)
RB6 (MISO)
78
PA0 (AD0)
RB7 (SCK)
14
PD0 (RXD)
PC7 (TOSC2)
29
Heart
1516
PD1 (TXD)
PC6 (TOSC1)
2827
IC3
C5
17
PD2 (INT0)
PC5 (TDI)
26
1
2
Bit Sensor
18
PD3 (INT1)
PC4 (TD0)
25
C1+
Y+
19
PD4 (OC1B)PD5 (OC1A)
PC3 (TMS)PC2 (TCK)
24
C7
20
PD6 (ICP)
PC1 (SDA)
23
3
C1-
Y-
6
21
PD7 (OC2)
PC0 (SCL)
22
4
C2+
32
AREF
VCC
10
C8
C6
30
AVCC
5
C2-
RESET
9
11
IT1
OT1
14
12
12
13
TO GSM Modem
R4
R5
R6
XTAL2
TXD
10
OR1IT2
IR1OT2
7
RX
1
RXD
9
8
TX
11
GND
Crystal
OR2
IR2
23
S3
31
13
MAX232
RS232
XTAL1
GND
SW-PB
ATMEGA16A
C3
C2
S4
SW-PB
S5
SW-PB
Circuit diagram of Patient monitoring System.
Testing Setup:
For testing system following steps will perform:
1) By using keypad enter Systolic and
Diastolic Blood pressure Reading;
2) Heart Beat Final count Is automatically is
set after Finger is placed at sensor;
3) Setup is completed.
Block diagram of Patient Monitoring System
The system also consists of a heart beat sensor,
Test Results:
used to count the heart beat of the patient. This heart beat
sensor gives the beat rate in beats per minute. This sensor is
S
Tim
Temp
Hea
Blood Presure
MSG
interfaced with the microcontroller, and provides counted
R
e
IC
Patie
rt
Systo
Diasto
sent
bits to the microcontroller.
n
U
nt
Bea
lic
lic
(yes/
This system also has a function of measuring blood
o.
(D
(DF)
t
(mm
(mmH
no)
pressure of patient. To measure blood pressure three
switches are provided in the system. In this system the blood
C)
(BM
Hg)
g)
pressure is measured manually.
P)
1
08:
30
84.0
76
100
71
NO
To display all the above mentioned parameters of
00
2
patients a
16x2 LCD display is also interfaced with the
microcontroller. This LCD will display the body
AM
temperature, ICU unit temperature, heart beats and blood
2
09:
30
95
80
105
69
YES
pressure of the patients in the ICU.
00
A GSM modem interfaced with the microcontroller
AM
using a MAX232 circuit is used to inform the doctor about
3
10:
30
107.
68
103
96
YES
abnormalities in case of any patient in the ICU. The GSM
00
06
modem used in this application is SIM300, which requires a
AM
SIM card to send SMS to the doctor.
4
11:
30
90
72
110
85
NO
The power was supplied to the circuit by 5V DC
00
power supply. This power was derived from 230V AC
AM
mains supply. This supply is down converted by 12-0-12
5
12:
32
88.0
104
110
65
YES
transformer, and it is converted to DC by rectifier Filter and
7805 regulator.
00
7
PM
6
01:
33
89.0
108
98
80
YES
00
6
PM
444
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
442 - 445
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
02:
34
89.0
64
94
78
YES
[6]
TammyNoergaArdewnes,
„Embedded
Systems
00
6
Architecture‟, first edition 1999.
PM
8
03:
33
89.0
66
120
92
YES
00
6
PM
9
05:
32
89.6
84
115
99
YES
00
PM
1
07:
30
85
80
120
80
NO
0
00
PM
IV.
CONCLUSION
It can conclude that the microcontroller based
systemcan be effectively used as communication medium
inconjunction with GSM. Sensors designed in thedeveloped
system gives accurate readings so it can besaid that the
developed system is very cost effectiveand accurate. In the
developed system only threeparameters temperature, Heart
rate and Bloodpressure are monitored. The developed
system can be used in the hospitals; in ICU ward, general
wards aswell as in accident wards. The developed system
canbe used at home as well as in traveling.
The “Patient monitoring and alerting system” using
micro controller will be extremely useful for hospital
application, soldier monitoring in military, new born baby
monitoring. This system useful when the patient in critical
condition. This project is useful for measuring the parameter
of patient with the different sensor also obtaining the
message about patient health.
REFERENCES
[1] Cyber-Physical Medical and Medication Systems by
Albert M. K. Cheng, 2008.
[2] Wireless Transfusion Supervision and Analysis Using
Embedded System NiveditaDaimiwal, DipaliRamdasi,
RevathiShriram, AsmitaWakankar, 2010. International
Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
(IJESA) Vol.1, No.2, December 2011 63
[3] A low cost model for patient monitoring in Intensive
care unit
using a micro web-server by
JoãoBoscodaMotaAlver Juarez Bento da Silva
,SuenoniPaladini.
[4] Steve Heath,
„Embedded system and design‟
butterworth-heinemann publications, New Delhi, first
edition, 1997.
[5] Microchip company, „Embedded Solutions‟, microchip
publications, first edition, 1999.
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