Українська   Русский
DonNTU   Masters' portal

Abstract

Содержание

Introduction

The equipment of most thermal stations is operated 15–20 years or more, its physical resource is exhausted, it is morally obsolete. The best solution in this situation is the development of full–scale integrated automated process control systems (APCS) in place of outdated systems, as well as the introduction of modern process equipment that maximizes the use of management systems and thereby achieve a qualitatively new level of technology.

The introduction of such systems will reduce the accident rate of the process, use the equipment more rationally and save energy.

1. Theme urgency

The master's work is devoted to the actual task of developing an automatic control system for a hot-water boiler house. Which will help:

– reducing the operating costs of the process of heat production in the district boiler;

– increase the efficiency of object management;

– increase the annual economic effect;

– increase the savings on resources (gas).

2. Goal and tasks of the research

The aim of this work is to develop a system of automatic regulation of the ratio of the gas pressure depending on the ambient temperature.

To achieve this goal is necessary to solve the following tasks:

  1. To analyze the peculiarities of functioning of the boiler KVG–6,5
  2. To write down a mathematical description of the elements of the ACS
  3. To synthesize temperature controller
  4. With the development of technical solutions for the system of automatic control of boiler KVG–6,5

3. Analysis of the hot–water boiler as a control object

Boiler is intended for heating water used for space heating. The control object – boilers that are installed in series. Water is pumped and goes through them. Boilers have a burner which mixed gas and air. The air is supplied by the fan, and the gas through the gas distribution device. The combustible mixture formed in the burner is ignited and gives off heat in the combustion chamber. So the water is heated and supplied to the consumer. Effect of the outdoor temperature, which varies relative to the amount of gas.

The output impact is the heated water, and flue gases, which sucks the smoke and let go.

Рисунок 3 – функциональная схема анализа процесса нагрева воды в котле: а) схема материальных потоков и их информационный переменных; б) структурная схема процесса САУ.
Рисунок 3 – функциональная схема анализа процесса нагрева воды в котле: а) схема материальных потоков и их информационный переменных; б) структурная схема процесса САУ.

Figure 1 – functional diagram of the analysis of the process of water heating in the boiler: a) a schematic of material flows and their information variables; b) a block diagram of the ACS process.

In the functional diagram (Fig.1), it is seen that the object – the boiler has input effects – water temperature (Tw), Gas pressure (Pg) And air pressure (Рa), passing through the boiler to the output comes heated water (Tw). and flue gases (f.g.), as a result of combustion of gas and air. The same perturbing effect is externally air temperature (Te.a), relative to which the gas pressure must be regulated.

Conclusion

In this paper, a theoretical synthesis of the water temperature regulator at the outlet of a hot water boiler is performed.

The obtained mathematical description of the boiler showed that it is a static object with delay. Given this feature, the choice was made to the PID act and defined its parameters of adjustment.

The simulation performed in this work showed a satisfactory quality of control of the water temperature at the output of the boiler, both in the control channel and in the channel of the perturbing effect.

References

  1. Ященко К.И., студ.; Федюн Р.В., доц., к.т.н., АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ГОРОДСКОЙ КОТЕЛЬНОЙ С ВОДОГРЕЙНЫМИ КОТЛАМИ ТИПА КВГ/ (ГОУВПО «Донецкий национальный технический университет», г. Донецк, ДНР)
  2. Ященко К.И., студент, Федюн Р.В., доц., к.т.н., МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДОГРЕЙНЫМ КОТЛОМ ТИПА КВГ 6,5/ (ГОУ ВПО «Донецкий национальный технический университет», г. Донецк, ДНР)
  3. Бузников Е.Ф., Роддатис К.Ф. Производственные и отопительные котельные. – 2–е изд., перераб. – М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1984. – 248 с, ил.
  4. Липов Ю. М. Котельные установки и парогенераторы/Ю.М. Липов, Ю. М. Третьяков. – Москва–Ижевск: НИЦ «Регулярная и хаотическая динамика», 2003. – 592 с.
  5. Рыбалев А.Н. Автоматическое управление энергетическими установками. Учебное пособие. Благовещенск. Амурский государственный университет, 2007г. – 105 с.
  6. Липатников Г.А., Гузеев М.С. Автоматическое регулирование объектов теплоэнергетики. Учебное пособие. Владивосток, Дальневосточный государственный технический университет, 2007г. – 137с.
  7. ПАО «Монастырищенский ОТКЗ машзавод» Описание водогрейных котлов КВ–Г