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Abstract

Содержание

Introduction

Relevance of the research topic.

In modern conditions of management, enterprises are in constant search for ensuring the optimal movement of material flows, which requires justification of its economic component. At the same time, the saturation of the market forces business entities to master high technologies in the system of organizing material flows in supply chains from initial raw materials to finished products. The urgency of this issue is intensified in connection with the globalization of the economy, when certain parts of the production cycle are territorially isolated in space. As a consequence, the need to improve approaches to the organization of material support for production is a condition that ensures the competitiveness of an enterprise in the modern market.

Analysis of recent research and publications.

The problem of studying the theoretical features of the movement of material flows, in particular the economic essence of the concept of "material flow" was carried out in the works of economists: Bauersoksa D.J., Wagner T., Closs D., Silver EA, Whitin T., Anikina B.A. ., Gadzhinskogo AM, Dudorina VI, Mirotina LB, Nerusha Yu.M., Ryzhikova Yu.I., Sergeeva V.I. The study and analysis of the literature show that the development of this problem is carried out by improving the various elements of a single logistics system.

The purpose and objectives of the study.

The aim of the master's thesis is the development of theoretical provisions and the development of scientific and practical recommendations on the economic justification for the movement of material flows.

Achieving this goal implies the solution of the following tasks:

1. Disclose the economic essence and features of material flow management in the current crisis conditions of production operations.

2. To study the specifics of applying a logistics approach to the management of material flows in production and in the sphere of circulation.

3. Investigate the problems of the movement of material flows and suggest ways to improve the methodological approach to their economic justification.

Research Object

process of flow of material flows in the logistic system of enterprise management.

Subject of research

principles and methods of economic substantiation of the movement of material flows in the logistic system of an industrial enterprise.

The content of the work.

1. Theoretical basis of the movement of material flows.

Often, an enterprise faces large losses of cash from inefficient use of production facilities and staff time, when the movement of material flows is not monitored or regulated. The management of the flow of material flows helps the company to streamline this process, makes it possible to identify a number of factors that lead to failures and to identify the causes of these failures. The management of material flows in the logistic system makes it possible to purposefully influence the production units engaged in the promotion of material and information flows from the point of production to the point of consumption of products [1].

The system approach allows to consider a manufacturing enterprise as a complex of interconnected subsystems, united by a common goal, to reveal its integrative properties, as well as internal and external links. The use of the logistic concept will ensure the unity and coherence of the actions of all the functional divisions of the production enterprise. It indicates the direction in which to develop the logistics system of the enterprise [5].

The main goal of introducing the logistics system to the enterprise is to maximize its adaptability to the constantly changing conditions of the market environment and to obtain advantages over competitors by optimizing the flow processes occurring in it [7]. Clearly setting goals and choosing the right ways to solve logistics problems ultimately determine the competitiveness of both the goods and services produced, and the competitiveness of the logistics system as a whole, united by a chain of deliveries [2].

2. Methodological basis of the system approach to the estimation of the flow of material flows

The management of material flows in the framework of intra-production logistics systems can be carried out in various ways, of which two main ones are distinguished, which are fundamentally different from each other.

The pushing flow control system is characteristic of traditional methods of production organization. The possibility of their use for the logistic organization of production has appeared in connection with the massive proliferation of computer technology. [2] Currently, a wide application has been made of the "pulling control system", based on approaches such as MRP-1 (Material Regumentment Planning, MRP) and MRP-2 (Manufacturing Resources Planning, MRP), (KANBAN).

The pulling system is a system for organizing production, in which parts and semi-finished products are fed to the next process operation with the previous one, as required. The central control system poses the task only before the final link of the production technological chain, which allows us to work in the Just in time mode.

In practice, various versions of "pushing" and "pulling" systems are implemented.

Pushing material management systems are known under the name "MRP systems" and are typical for traditional ways of organizing production. They are characterized by a high level of control automation, which allows to implement the following main functions:

- ensure current regulation and control of production reserves;

- in real time to coordinate and promptly adjust plans and actions of various services of the enterprise - supply, production, sales.

In modern, advanced versions of MCI systems, various forecasting problems are also solved. As a method of solving problems, simulation modeling and other methods of investigating operations are widely used [5].

The most famous among the "pulling" concepts is the concept "just in time" (just-in-time, JIT).

At present, most production management systems belong to "pushing"

Thus, the use of a logistics approach in the organization of production, for the management of material flows in a transitional period, it is advisable to use an integrated flow management approach, both "pulling" and traditional, "pushing", which in turn will allow the enterprise to adapt to the sales market.

3. Methodological recommendations on the economic justification of the movement of material flows.

In the conditions of both an emerging as well as a steadily developing market economy, the increase in the efficiency of the movement of commodity flows is achieved, mainly, by improving their financial services. Depending on supply conditions, parameters of storage systems and selected distribution channels, the value, volumes and time of material flows will change [8].

A popular method of stock management is the method of the economic size of the order (EOQ method). The EOQ model can be used to optimize the size of both production stocks and finished goods reserves, giving an answer to the question of how much the stock of this type of enterprise should acquire at a time.

At the moment there are 8 modifications of the classic EOQ model: the production order model (EPQ) - implies instant unloading with simultaneous stock consumption; the economy batch size model (EBQ) - implies a gradual replenishment of the stock (without consumption) and subsequent uniform consumption; a model of the current stock with a loss of requirements in case of a deficit; a current stock model with a deferred deficit; combined models [2].

When using this or that form of the model, it is necessary to take into account all kinds of limitations related to internal and external factors, as well as to identify all costs and conduct their detailed analysis.

To control multinomenclature current reserves, the ABC-XYZ analysis method is used, which allows not only to control the quantity of stocks, but also to analyze their impact on the final result of the enterprise's activity, both in the total volume and for each nomenclature group.

Using the XYZ method, the stocks are ranked and grouped according to the degree of predictability of the volume of demand or their turnover [9].

Conclusions

The application of material management systems in the practice of economic activity is explained by the need to reduce the time intervals between the acquisition of raw materials and the supply of goods to the end user. The economic justification for the movement of material flows at the enterprise is a complex set of measures in which, in practice, the tasks of managing material flows and stocks are closely intertwined with production, financial and marketing tasks aimed at ensuring an uninterrupted process of production and sales of products while minimizing current costs.

At the time of writing the thesis, the thesis is not yet complete. Final completion:

June 2018. After this date, the full text of the work can be obtained from the author or his supervisor.

References

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