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Abstract

At the time of writing this essay the master's work is not yet completed. Estimated completion date: May 2019. Full text of the work, as well as materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his manager after the specified date.

Contents

General formulation of the problem

In the conditions of the modern information society, the computer is widely used, including in the field of learning automation. Various multimedia and virtualization tools allowed creating electronic textbooks and teaching materials in a more interesting format. At present, a computer is an information system, not a computer, which is caused by access to a large amount of information due to the advent of the worldwide Internet.

Many problems of education have become solvable in the light of the latest technologies and methods based on the use of information educational resources of the university. This is largely due to the possibility of including information exchange of Internet resources in the learning process.

However, the problem of assessing students' knowledge is not fully resolved, which is due to a primitive approach to the use of computers - the accumulation of limited test questions and answers. Which sharply narrows the activity of the personal computer as an educational system. The quality of the answers received and the completeness of the student’s knowledge should also be taken into account in a comprehensive assessment of the student’s knowledge base. In addition, when monitoring in an automated system, special attention should be paid to the protection of information, and especially the assessment of the quality of responses and test results from unauthorized access. All of the above creates significant difficulties in using a personal computer to test a student’s knowledge.

1. Relevance of the topic

For the learning process, the primary importance is the task of using the capabilities of information technologies in modeling research and professional activity.

2. The purpose and objectives of the study

The purpose of this study is to study the main types of automated systems, a detailed examination of automated learning systems, as well as the model of the learner, as one of the elements of the organization of the learning process.

3. Types of automated learning systems

Automated systems are a set of software, technical, informational, linguistic, organizational and technological tools and personnel designed to collect, preprocess, store, search, secondary processing and issue data in a given form (form) to solve various professional tasks of the system users.

Consider the main types of automated systems:

1. Automated control system (ACS).

Such systems are a set of hardware and software that provides control of the facility in a production or administrative environment.

2. Automated research systems (ASNI).

These are software and hardware systems capable of processing data from experimental installations and measuring instruments.

3. Computer Aided Design (CAD).

They implement the principles of geometric modeling and computer graphics, serve to prepare drawings, more specialized systems focus on the technology of manufacturing products for a specific purpose.

4. Geographic information systems (GIS).

These are automated systems with a large number of graphical and thematic databases that allow them to be converted into spatial cartographic information. The main objective of these systems is to provide a visual representation of various "parameters" of the earth's surface in the form of structured maps that can be used both for scientific research and for optimizing traffic flows, placing networks of business objects, even optimizing military operations. [1].

4. Automated learning systems

Among all automated systems, an automated learning system is distinguished, which improves the education system, allowing the teacher’s time to be freed from checking assignments and assessing the level of knowledge of each student. Such systems include several components:

The model of the learning process in an automated system consists of 4 main stages. Consider them in more detail.

  1. The stage of training is the transfer of a certain amount of material to students, in the form of lectures, teaching materials, as well as control and independent work, etc.
  2. The stage of knowledge control implies the existence of test questions at the end of each assignment and each lecture, in order to check the degree of material development of the student.
  3. The stage of the cognitive process of learning implies the ability of the teacher to report on the lecture material, explain difficult moments in an accessible form, interest, encourage students to positively perceive the information received, memorize and conduct self-control of the knowledge gained, and develop the cognitive abilities of students.
  4. The stage of adapting the results of knowledge control is making certain conclusions from the results of the control, reworking the lecture material and introducing changes in the teaching process, bringing the didactic and lecture material to a higher level, perfect informational form and presentation of educational material.

The peculiarity of the general strategy of building a learning model is the interaction between the teacher and the student, as well as the introduction of some software products into the learning process in the continuous form of information computer technologies. In order to train a specialist with a high level of knowledge, it is first necessary to determine how to influence the perception of a student in order to develop cognitive abilities. This is feasible only with an individual approach to the development of student's personal abilities.

The teaching method is also based on the ability of the teacher to present the material in a light form that is accessible for perception and understanding. In the assessment of knowledge necessarily included intermediate control, which is a control questions and tasks for laboratory work, as well as testing and abstract work on a specific topic - this is a set of requirements implemented by the management process. Assessment of knowledge is a set of results of an objective assessment of the level of knowledge by a teacher, with an assessment of the knowledge of an automated system. The above structure of the learning process model is shown in Figure 1.

Structural scheme

Figure 1 – Structural diagram of the conceptual model of learning
(animation: 6 frames, 5 cycles of repetition, 197 kilobytes)

The impact subsystem, in this case, is the identity of a particular student, and decision making on the results of the learning process of the entire student flow is changes made to the learning process and lectures. These changes are crucial for obtaining information about the general state of the teaching level and its results. Changes made to the learning strategy are the development of new methods, teaching materials and forms of influence on the object - “students”, as well as the introduction of an individual approach to the object of influence.

Thus, using the mechanism of the theory of managing complex systems, one can formalize the management not only of the state of preparation of an individual object — a student, but of the entire flow of students of a given course. In this process of influencing the level of students' knowledge, it is possible to distinguish as elements of influence, certain levers and control channels on the object of control. This scheme of influence in a formalized form is implemented in the theory of control of processes and mathematical models based on automata. The teaching process itself can be represented as a pattern of interaction between these machines. [2].

Student model

The learner model (MO) is one of the most important elements of the organization of the learning process. Carrier MO is an external to the student environment. The main function of the Ministry of Education is to represent external knowledge about the state (properties) of the student and to allow modeling the changes resulting from the performance of a specific training activity. Evaluation of the student’s learning activities is usually based on a particular MO. The specification of the student model shows on the basis of what data, in what way and in what terms an external view of the results of educational activity is formed. The data presented by the model student are used in the following main areas:

Currently, a significant development is dominated by a new direction in this student modeling, which is based on the development of simulation models. In simulation models, the knowledge of the student is displayed in the form of data structures, and his skills in the form of procedures and the mechanism of their interpretation.

Conclusions

Proceeding from all the above, and based on my understanding of this issue, I believe that the introduction of the simplest electronic computers, other electronic computers, and automatic learning systems into the sphere of education is certainly a necessary, progressive and important step in the development and improving the current education system, which, in my opinion, needs to be transformed and reconstructed. I believe that this process is inevitable, and therefore it should be taken as an integral part of the scientific and technological transformations taking place in our society. To increase the motivation of the student and the inclusion in the learning process of the self-control system, his active participation in the learning process and the assessment of knowledge, it is necessary to change the approach to the problems of assessing the knowledge gained, as well as increase the motivation of the students. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a dialogue between a teacher and a student in order to deepen the baggage of knowledge and an objective assessment of the completeness of the student’s knowledge. Thus, the latest technologies require a change in the worldview on traditional methods of using PCs in control systems and access to information resources, as well as in the organization of the entire educational process. All this is possible with the help of automated training systems, reducing to a minimum the biased human factor.

Taking into account the above, we can conclude that the introduction of automated training systems will definitely increase the level of their professional competence among graduates of various educational institutions.

References

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