Master's work

Theme master's works:

« Research and a choice of a perspective direction of burning of fuel of the worsened quality for blocks 200MW. »

The theme is devoted to an actual problem of burning carbons the worsened quality.

Burning of fuel of the worsened quality is accompanied by intensive separation of a dust on under furnace, difficulties with an output of liquid slag, down to full slagging slag notch, intensive accumulation of slag on checker floor. For maintenance of stability of process of burning, a steady output of liquid slag, and also for an opportunity of achievement of the required size steam rate boilers, necessity of use of additional kinds of fuel - black oil and gas has appeared.

Operation of power units in not design conditions has led to to physical deterioration of the basic and auxiliaries. In 1980 restrictions of capacity of power units have been entered. So on Starobeshevska TES at a rate of 30 МW on one block in 1988 the decision of Ministry for the Power Generating Industry USSR power units 200 МW were remarked in power units 175 МW (the Technical act remarked from 14.08.88г. № 181).

The volume of emissions of gaseous substances now makes 60-70 % from total amount of emissions Starobeshevskoj TES of harmful substances in an atmosphere. The high temperature in furnace, necessary for a steady output of liquid slag, causes significant concentration NОX, and the high contents of sulfur in fuel (coal - up to 1,8 %, black oil - up to 4 %) - high levels SO2. The level of emissions of these harmful substances depends only on quantity of burnt fuel, that is from loading of the power unit.

Emission and dispersion in an atmosphere of leaving smoke gases boiler is carried out through 4 ferro-concrete chimneys in height of 120 m and 180 m.

Concentration of polluting substances in smoke gases on an input in a chimney now makes:

NОХ-600-900            mg / ¡¼3;

SО2 - 3000-5000 mg / ¡¼3;

CO  25-30 mg / ¡¼3; 

a dust -            2000-4000 mg / ¡¼3.

Data on emissions of polluting substances in an atmosphere from sources of emissions Starobeshevskoy TES for 1999 - are resulted in the table 2001:

It is necessary to note, that the operating mode of power station in 1999-2001 is characterized by incomplete loading of the equipment: on the average in work there were 3-5 power units. At full loading the equipment (in work of 10 power units) annual total emissions increase for the order and will have the following values: a dust - up to 190 thousand т, sulphurous anhydride - up to 210 thousand т, oxide nitrogen up to 32 thousand т.

Starobeshevska TES undertook numerous attempts of introduction of technical actions on increase of efficiency of clearing of smoke gases, however any of actions did not solve a problem in a complex: improvement of technical and economic parameters of the boiler working on low-grade fuel, and reduction in emissions of harmful substances in an atmosphere up to the European norms.

Therefore research and a choice of a perspective direction of burning of fuel of the worsened quality for blocks 200МW has defined, how one of directions of recycling of fuel burning in boiler ATSKS; effective burning high-ash coal and waste products coal-concentrating (more than 1 million tons sludge in one year) without use for stabilization of process of burning of black oil or gas in a range of loadings of 40-100 %; considerably to lower total emissions of harmful substances in an atmosphere from boiler ATSKS in comparison with the existing boiler:

NОХ-In            5 times;

SО2-In            13 times;

dust -            in 59 times.

Introduction in power balance of Ukraine not used earlier sludge (it is saved up about 20 million tons), will enable uses of corresponding amounts of anthracite for other power stations. Results master's works will be used at reconstruction of block Starobeshevskoj TES.