Данная статья была представлена на университетской конференции по английскому языку в разделе "Экономика" в 2003 году. В ней обоснована необходимость исследования сектора трансакций в переходной экономике.

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The necessity of transactional sectors research in transitional Ukraine economy.

Kudryashova E.A

DNTU

The category “transactional costs” (TC) is very important for economic analysis, as it is impossible to understand the work of economic system without it. However the necessity of turning to the category TC appeared due to change of its role, which they started to play in the economic systems functioning. On early stages of civilization development, when relations of exchange were primitive, based on personal ties and limited by community size, TC were practically reduced to zero. But due to economic systems development and complicating the economic relations of contract on the market obtained nonpersonal features, contragents decisions were becoming more and more disembodied in time and space. In new conditions there was a need in some additional efforts: information supply, the search of contragents , making contracts and control. From that moment we can speak about TC’s emerging as a special kind of expenses, connected with implementation of market coordination procedure.

In present conditions due to economic systems transition on higher level of development, due to complication of economic relations, speeding-up scientific and technical progress, and subsequent specialization and globalization of economic sphere, tendency to the TC’s increasing appears to be more and more actively. On microlevel it is expressed in increasing TC’s part in firm’s costs structure. So, in present conditions, marketing costs, management costs and other administrative cost can exceed the industrial expenses of article itself. This actively stimulates the emergence of firms, (or branches, as it is scale of economic systems) specialized on production of transactional facilities – management, marketing, monitoring and new branches of law. That is why the formation of transactional sector, the volume of which makes up one half of Gross Output in all highly-developed countries, takes place on microlevel. From this point of view we can say that the higher TC is the higher is the level of economic progress of society; and it means society’s transition on higher level of development, in particular – as tendency to form postindustrial structures and transition to informational civilization.

The level of development TC in Ukraine is extremely low. It can be explained by some tendencies of social development of Ukraine, for example, priority of the personal relationship to traditions and norms. It is the most characteristic feature of modern Ukrainian society. Ukraine is known to be a country with transitional economy, and the growth of TC is closely connected with the process of transition to alternative economic system. TC’s growth in transitional economy can be explained by low specification of ownership’s rights, insufficient development of information system and so on. These general tendencies in Ukraine are reinforced by the factor , that original state for transitional economy was social-economic system with absolute power of administrative-bureaucratic apparatus. Exactly great specific difficulties, and therefore great expenses connected with them, are the reason of TC’s growth on Ukrainian market.

In accordance to the figures, the registration of privately owned enterprise lasts for 5-8 weeks and only administrative procedure costs 1000$ ( average 185$ costs the registration itself, 730$ - receiving of licenses and permissions, 149$ - other payment). However, according to information of some Donetsk firm’s leaders, who works in sphere of small business, the given sum is very understated. Value, counterpoising the costs, connected with firm opening is a benefit from economy on TC. It becomes possible as a result of work in this business practice.

In spite of all efforts, undertaken by government on reduction of administrative and economic pressure on the small business subjects, the factor of administrative impediments in Ukraine remains very considerable. A dangerous situation arises, in which costs on formation’ creation, alternative to market, will be much above, than supposed benefits from economy on expenses of market transactions. In this case economic agent, which aim is benefits maximization , will not undertake any acts on creation of firm, and will prefer to follow informal regulations and norms. Social-economic consequences of such decisions are as following: criminalization of economy , swift destruction of laws in society and so on.

Therefore the research of modern transitional processes in Ukraine with application of category TC, in present conditions is enormous. The research of TC’s dynamics will allow to set in what measure that or another institutional formation does its basic appointment and to set the clear “games rules”, which will promote minimization of uncertainty of economic agents in relation to each other.