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ÀBSTRACT TO DICCERTION

Kozolup Lyubov Aleksandrovna

Theme of master's work:

"THE BASIS FOR THE DESIGN AND REGIME PARAMETERS OF THE UNIT FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF CONGLOMERATING CARBONACEOUS WASTES"


Materials on the theme of master's work: LIBRARY

SUMMARY

Waste is one of the major factors of anthropogenous pollution. Annually 120 billion tons substance is involved in manufacture and consumption, 94 % of substance enter environment as wastes. Now annually each individual is effected by 1 ton refuse average [1]. Nowadays the level of pollution exceeds tentimes maximum concentration limit of many industrial centres of Ukraine.

Storing dumps in our country is the major way of handling wastes. It results in contamination of environment, transforms Ukraine and especially densety populated industrial Donetsk area into a zone of disaster.

Donetsk area has accumukated more than 400 million m3 solid and domestic wastes. They occupy more than 3000 hectares.

According to the above mentioued, there is a problem to be solved which relares to solid and domestic wastes (SDW). This will give rise to the necessity to create a new method of processing SDW in view of specificity of our region. Such method is the method of processing SDW with account of specified character of our region. This method is a method of thermolysis-energy recuperation of wastes which is being developed by “The machines and apparatuses of chemical manufactures”chair.

The purpose of master’s work is the design of the unit for thermal processing of conglomerating carbonaceous materials, a choice of geometrical parameters of the oven; a choice of regime parameters for thermal processing with the purpose to fuel with characterize by suitable specifications.

Scientific novelty consists in:

  • Processing of carbonaceous conglomerating wastes will be made in oven similar to coke ovens;

  • The raw material charged in the oven will represent dissimilar structure consisting of wastes and coal charge, in order to prevent jamming of the oven;

  • The loaded in material will be pressed, to increase the productivity of the oven and caking.


Table 1. The basic sources of the carbonaceous wastes[2].

¹

The name of a source of wastes

Structure of wastes

Caloric content, kcal / kg

1

Solid and domestic wastes

60-70% Organic substances (carbon - 35 %), 30-40 % ash, 40-50 % humidity of the overall mass

2500

2

Deposits of biological clearing constructions of cities, settlements and enterprises

Dry substance of active silt, C 44-76%, H 5-8%, S 1-3%, M 3-10% O 12-40%

1000-2000 at humidity of 50-60%

3

Oil-alimes from sedimentation of oil-refining lead-in, railway enterprises, petroleum storage depots and repair plants

20-30% Mineral oil , 20-30% water , 40-50% mechanical admixture

2500-3500

4

Territories of railway enterprises polluted by mineral oil, and territories of petroleum storage depot of a railway enterprises

1-5 ã/kg Mineral oil , 40-50% Humidity of overall mass

0.4-20.0

5

Coal mud

10-30 % Carbon, 70-90% ash

500-1500

6

The exhausted oils and greases, paper filters of machines and mechanisms

90% Mineral oil, 8% moisture, 2% metal and mineral inclusions

5500-6500

7

Old wooden sleepers

75% Wood, 5% creosote, 20% moisture

4500-5500


On the basis of the before carried out experiences [3] and this table, it is offered the structure of loaded raw material (%): 20 SDW (size 10 … 15 mm of dry mass); 56 Food wastes; 22 Paper wastes; 12 wood; 5 Polymeric materials; 2 Textiles; 3 Other; 80 mud. As a binding acts 5 … 25 % sour tarring or 25 … 35 % of water.

The sizes coke ovens vary in the following ranges:

  • Length 12,7 … 18,7 m;

  • Height 4,3 … 7,4 m;

  • Width 410 … 500 mm.

Geometrical parameters of coke ovens depend on factors [6] as follows:

  1. Service life. It will be longer relying on higher sped of ovens, wider width, shorter length, lower height and more sloping obligecity. This parameter is determined by the duration coefficient of service life of ovens:coefficient of service , here with an index 0 - for the typical chamber, without an index - for the comparable chamber. The formula is given for the chamber of 21,5ì3 volume, then: τ0=15 hours, S0 =0,41 m, L0 =14 m, h0 =4,3 m, K0 =3,55 mm / m. The average service life of oven chambers of 21,6 m3 volume makes 30 years. Thus, for other volumes it is 30*Ïñ.


  2. Coke jamming coefficient Áê, it will decrease if the length and speed of coking and, the width is getting up and the obligecity getting down. Size makes 2,3 - 3,55 mm / m, the later is 4-6 mm/m in foreign countries Coke jamming coefficient Áê , S/c = τ, ñ0=0,0273.

Conclusions:

  1. It is necessary make partial bricketing of charge, and also its heat treatment at the increase in the sizes of a unit for thermal processing.

  2. The increase in a share of briquettes up to 30 % reduces gas permeability twice as much [4].

  3. The height of the unit depends on the minimal size of negative stresses in the base of piers laying [5].

  4. The increase of length is limited because distribution of gas streams is difficult along the length of a heating pier, and because the flexure of a leveling arm and delivery increase. The pressure on coke cake from the machine side grows at the moment of its pushing out that can lead to contortion of the cake and jamming in the oven.

  5. The increase of height of the chamber is also limited because uniform heating on height of the chamber is hard to realize, stability of the coke cake reduces.

  6. The parameters considered above (Ïñ and Áê) show, that it is necessary to increase the width of the oven chamber and its obligecity.

  7. The carried out experiments have shown, that durability of a coke cake against compression grows at the output as far as the increase of the width of the oven chamber takes place. Also expansion of the oven chamber results in the increase of output strengthening and the decrease of stresses [7].

      8. The literature

      1. Grinin A.S., Novikov V.N. Industrial and domestic wastes: storage, recycling, processing. - M.: FAIR-PRESS, 2002.-S. 336.

      2. http: // www.dipa.ru/article10.html

      3. Antonyuk S.I. The basis of the compounding technology of the solid carbonaceous wastes for the ecologically clean thermal processing in the chamber ovens.-The abstract.

      4. The shrinkage of coke and pressure burst open in coke ovens // Coke and chemistry.-2001.-¹ 12

      5. The perfection for the designs of coke batteries under projects of Hyprocoke // Coke and chemistry.-2004.-¹ 7

      6. The sizes of the oven chamber and service life of coke batteries // Coke and chemistry. - 1990. - ¹11

      7. Designing supersize êîêñîâûõ batteries on the set durability. 2. A choice of length at the set height and width of the oven chamber.