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Faculty: Blazed-geological
Scientific supervisor: Volkova Ò.P.
E-mail: spitsa_elen@ukr.net
Every year the quantity of solid domestic waste is steadily increased, and at the moment it makes 200-800 kg/years per capita.
Structure of SDW in the various countries does not essentially differ, in this connection, problems of their warehousing, liquidation, neutralization or processing in many respects are identical. However it does not mean, that in the decision of these problems can be used any universal method of SDW management. Among methods of liquidation of waste now the first place belongs to landfill on which take out near of 90-95 % of waste.
In our country to a problem of accommodation SDW it is not given due attention in spite of the fact that on the landfills and dumps in Ukraine it is placed more than 80 % of all formed waste. Among existing 750 landfills (is more exact than dumps), many are filled on 60-90 %, and some - are overflown and have to be closed.
By results of works of various authors, who's investigated all aspects of SDW accommodation on landfills, there are marked not only strong superficial pollution of greater territories, but also underground waters and soils up to depths more 20 m.
Besides it the environment is influenced with allocation of biogas - methane, oxygen, carbonic gas which maintenance can make tens percent.
Despite of a significant variety of existing methods of SDW recycling, in our country in some reasons during many years the basic direction of the reference with waste will be their accommodation on ladfills. Before to develop a new safe technologies of processing of solid domestic waste, it is necessary to reveal the concrete directions, which is demanding modernization. Therefore the first stage in process of improvement of accommodation and processing of SDW is carrying out of monitoring of an environment in zone of landfill influence. Thus, the opportunity will be presented not only to estimate a degree of influence of range on environment, but also to try to establish interrelation between structure of waste and character of existing pollution. The given qualifying work also will be devoted to consideration of the given approach of reduction of complex influence of landfill SWD.
According to a putting object the main problems of research are:
The greatest importance and scientific novelty in decision of given problems play the appreciation of complex influence of landfill of SDW on environment on concrete examples, and also establishment of communication between concrete kinds domestic waste and character of existing pollution. It is because available information about given problematics is obviously insufficient and ambiguous.
The basic practical value of the dissertation consists in opportunity of further application of the received results in development of new technologies of accomodation and processing of solid domestic waste, and also, in appreciation of influence of SDW landfills. Similar researches can serve as a reference point for many governmental and public organizations. Finally, these researches can become a starting point for the further development in given direction.
The problem of the reference with solid domestic waste for today has got global character, it is one of the most important environmental problems. Therefore last years the quantity of publications and researches in the domain of waste has sharply increased.
Naturally greatest experience of researches and the newest development in this area belong to scientists of advanced countries where they have realized all gravity of a problem of accumulation of waste in the world much earlier.
The review of the most widespread methods of removal of domestic waste can be found in a plenty of proceedings and publications.
The attention of many authors also paid to a problem of classification of domestic waste. Waste classify as by origin: domestic, industrial, agricultural, etc., and on properties. The most known division on the properties, accepted in legislations of the majority of the countries. This division into "dangerous" i.e. toxic, caustic, inflammable both other and "harmless" waste.
As base for the decision of some problems, which were put in this work will be results of research of resource base of domestic waste of Donetsk area on an example of the Larino SDW landfill by Kalinihin O.N. and Êrasnyansky M.E. This materials will allow to continue carrying out research of SDW landfills, in particular try to establish interrelation between structure of waste and character of existing pollution. Researches of this kind have been never carrying out till now, though their results make greater practical value for development of techniques of modernization of SDW landfills and methods of processing of waste on landfills.
Thus, practical value of the given qualifying work is obvious. The received results can be used as directly after the termination of research (for example, for the purposes of reconstruction of existing landfill, and also for definition of the basic directions of monitoring researches in future), and also its can form a basis for the further development of the given direction or other directions in the domain of research of solid domestic waste.
The establishment of interrelation between structure of waste and character of existing pollution in a zone of influence of places of removed of waste will allow to develop in the further more perfect technologies of waste processing, with counting of contribution of a concrete kind of a waste in to the general environmental pollution. Probably, such researches in long term will find the application in process of development of the complex approach to processing solid domestic waste in general and on landfills in particular.