First in the world the concept of vitality was formulated by Russian admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov is ability of ship to continue a fight, having the damages in different battle parts.[1].
In energy under vitality property of object to resist to indignations is understood, shutting out their cascade development with mass violation of feed users.[2].
By shove failure, happening on November, 9, 1965 in the USA, served to development methods of estimation and prognostication of open-chain power interruptions (system of electrosupply), which resulted in that on the territory with the population about 30 million people more than on 10 hours the serve of electric power was halted..
After 26 years,14 August, 2003 at 16 p.m. 11 minutes on local time from the damage on the line niagara – Mokhok without electricity remained almost all east part of North America, 50 million people.[5] .
It is possible to say about each of the transferred failures, that this grid lost vitality. .
Vitality of the electroenergy system (EES) depends on its structure, configuration, reliability of electrical equipment, facilities of relay defence and antidamage automation, and also from qualification of auxiliary personnel, supply of stability, reserve of active power and etc[6] .
During the EES exploitation there is appearance of the so-called chainlet failures from the successive refusal in work of a few switches in case of setting off damages.[7] .
Chainlet failures were observed in 25 EES and two OES the former USSR. For 5 years 75 chainlet failures were fixed. In 81 % cases chainlet failures took place from the damages in a network and refusal in functioning of protective commutation vehicles.[8] On a open-chain failure is 90 % pertaining to national economy harm.[9] .
Under the depth of chainlet failure the level of disorder of functioning of options grid at failures and violations in work is understood.[7,8,10]
Frequency appearance of system chainlet failures with the different depth of violation of elektrosupply can serve as the index of vitality .[8]
Therefore the work directed for development of new and perfection of the known mathematical models and methods as evaluated by vitality loading knots is actual. The decision of these problems will allow practically to shut out appearance of cascade power interruptions. .
The purpose of the work is
to estimate vitality of substation 110/10 kV .
The scientific value of the work.
In work collected a new analytical dependence of vitality of substation from intensity of the short circuit(sc) appearance in its elements, reliability of the systems of disconnection of protective commutation vehicles and terms of its control.
The state of the question.
On the modern stage of development of technique and technology for estimation of vitality loading knot and reliability of charts of the systems of elektrosupply (SES) wide distribution was got by element methods. It is assumed in these methods, that SES consists of separate independent (in sense of security analysis) elements, functional dependences between the parameters of separate elements of device are eliminated from consideration.[11-14].
Examined SES consist of elements : lines of electricity transmission, transformers, switches, separators, disconnectors, circuit breakers and etc.
Under knots charts understand the physical points SES, which are directly related no less than to three directions of transmission of energy, I.e. it is ordinary collapsible tires or sections of distributive devices and etc[13] .
For the SES elements concepts are entered in work[14] : refusal of type «precipice of chain» and refusal of type «short circuit» («SC»). In work except for the transferred types of refusals it is suggested to take into account transition of failure through a commutation vehicle. Factors which it is expedient to take into account at the calculations of the SES reliability are transferred in [15] . It is grounded in work [16] , that beside the purpose to divide the refusals which the electrical equipment in the process of exploitation more than on three kinds is exposed to.
The results of the researches. For the Donbasskaya electroenergy system (Artemovskye MES, Chaykynskye MES, Mariupol MES, Lugansk MES) for the 5 years statistical information about the damages of electrical equipment of substations was treated. The functions of distributing time domains between deaths equipment through fault of man are got. It is set that for different grids the number of deaths equipment through fault of man hesitates in limits from 50 % to 54%.