The automation of the coal railway wagons loading process

Leader of work: Boris Gavrilenko, candidate of the technical sciences, ass. professor

At the present-day development stage of the national economy great emphasis is placed on the problems of increasing the efficiency of technological and transport equipment, the improvement of technological process quality, the increasing of the reliability of material values calculation, and, of course, the minimizing of human interference in technological processes.

One of such problems in coal industry is the improvement of the coal-loading works at industrial railway transport. The coal railway wagon loading is the final link in the technological scheme of mine surface coal complex and, apparently, is a very important object for a possible automation.

In order to increase loading works efficiency there has been developed the whole series of measures, aimed at improving the processes of loading and coal calculation in railway wagons. The performed work resulted in the creation of automated coal-loading complexes. The necessity of such plants is determined by the fact that the productive capacity of reconstructed coal projects and those under construction amounts to several million tons of coal a year, so the volume of daily coal shipping amounts to several hundred wagons every 24 hours.

The aim of the work is to increase the coal railway wagon loading technological process by proving the algorithm and system structure as well as developing an automated coal railway wagon loading device on this basis.

The tasks:

- the development of coal loading process algorithm;

- the development and optimization of mathematical model of coal loading process;

- the development of circuit automation system solution;

- as the final stage, the development of lay-out solution for the automated system and the development of safety and trouble-free exploitation of worked-out device.

The most acceptable direction to improve the automated system is the development of automated loading device that provides the fulfillment of required functions. As a rather difficult algorithm of controlling system functioning is formed, it is quite reasonable to make the developing chassis based on the microcontroller, that will help to put the functioning algorithm of automatic control system with the help of software. It makes easier the creation of system and permits to create more effective control algorithms. Also, the microcontroller implantation will permit us to process the information received from sensors. It will give us a possibility to have its indicative elements and to send them, if necessary, to the computer. Besides, the use of the microcontroller to make the system of automated control will help to diminish the block size and to increase its safety. The easiness of modern microcontroller reprogramming helps to improve the control algorithm without huge time consumption and system structure changes.

Picture 1 - Mechanical system of the examined technological object

To analyze the coal loading into railway wagons the mathematical model (pic.1).It can be described with the following set of equations:

where F_òð - force, developed by pulling driver;

F_ñîïð - the movement resistance force, that is determined starting from total amount of wagons mass m₁;

m_í, m_ê - the initial and finite value of wagon's mass taking into account modeling time (t_í-t_ê), the weight of empty and loaded wagons;

μ - dry fiction coefficient of wagon wheel rolling along rail-tracks;

β - driver mechanical characteristic hardness;

V_m - maximum linear driver speed;

m₁₁, m₁₂ - relative masses, determining the beginning of the wagon's movement.

The wagon has three positions of loading concerning bunker's gate - the front part (the beginning of loading), the middle of the wagon (the main moment of loading) and the back part of the wagon (an additional loading of the wagon). The wagon starts moving when it reaches a certain coal mass in it, and when its position concerning the bunker's gate is controlled.

During modeling the following dependences, shown in pictures 2-4, have been received.

Picture 2 - The dependence of wagon movement speed on the loading time

Picture 3 - The dependence of efforts on the driver and resistance on the time

Picture 4 - The dependence of wagon mass (coal weight) and wagon travel on the loading time

Hence, the analysis of the developed coal loading process into railway wagons as an automation object was carried out. Also a critical overview of known technical decisions in automated technological coal-loading into railway wagon process was performed, a mathematical model of coal-loading process was developed, and as the optimization of mathematical model was carried out.

The developed automated loading device and the mathematical model, received as a result of modeling, will be used later on while writing the master's thesis.

The main directions of further researches will be the development and improvement of structural, functional and electrical scheme of the developed device, and the adding of new functions to the automated technological process of coal-loading system, that will bring the increasing of its efficiency.

DonNTU> Masters DonNTU Biography| Abstract| Library | Links | Report about the search | Individual task