Lavrushko Anna

One of the sharpest environmental problems in Donetsk area is the problem of the handling with wastes. Industrial wastes accumulated in this region in great amount (more than 4 mlrd.t) carry out technogenic influence on surrounding natural environment. For the lack of factories on processing the wastes used as secondary raw material, and neutralization of toxic wastes dangerous wastes are stored open-air on special ranges or in territory of the enterprise, that not always meets ecological requirements.

The special attention should be given learning of change of a chemical compound of underground waters under action technogenic factors as they are an integral part of the surrounding natural environment and, can have direct or indirect influence on health of the population near laying territories.

Water is the most widespread and universal natural resource. Water resources as well as minerals, - a part of our national riches. It is hard to find area of a national economy or separate manufactures which could do without water. In 2002 the fence of water on area has made 2257млн.м3, from which 469,2млн.м3 - underground waters.

Dumps of industrial wastes express significant influence on underground waters which are often used by the population for drinking necessity. Thus the estimation degree of danger pollution of underground waters and delimitation of influence are the most actual problems, which demand the immediate decision.

The Larinskaya dump of industrial and building wastes is located to the southeast of Donetsk in 0,3-0,5 km on the northwest from a settlement Larino. By the industrial wastes are filled former calcareous the career. According to the working instruction on dump it is forbidden removal of solid domestic wastes and industrial wastes I and II classes of danger, and also wastes of III class of danger containing harmful soluble substances. At the organization of dump any nature protection actions has not been executed. The sanitary - protective zone is not determined. The site of warehousing of dumps occupies the small area, near 6 hectare. Near the dump there is an old dump which in the illegal image is maintained by local population nearing settlement. Waste products, depending on a class of danger, are stored separately for what all range is divided into cards.

Distribution of underground waters of territory is defined by the geological structural conditions. They are enclose in all sediment and form a line water-bearing horizons which are taking place in complex hydraulic communication among themselves and surfacel waters. Movement of a underground stream is directed from dump to r. Kalmiys and the b.Thirteenth, and the underground stream from the side of an old dump is directed to dump. The feed of a complex is carried out for the account infiltration an atmospheric precipitation.

By results of sampling, the cleanest waters are distributed in 400м on northwest from range. The most polluted waters are fixed in area of Larinskaya dump and the old dump located above on the terrain (northwest of dump). The mineralization of waters changes from 3,6 up to 4,3 g/l. Water is chloridnosulphatic and magnesiumsodiumic by the chemical composition, are characterized by the raised contents of sulfates (2-4 maximum permissible concentration (MPC), ammonium (2-2,6 MPC), nitrates, chlorides (more than 2 MPC), iron, manganese, aluminium, nickel. Sporadically maximum permissible concentration exceed Ba and Ti. As within of the dump industrial wastes pollution of underground waters on the part of an old dump is marked, differentiation of zones of their influence is necessary.

The atmospheric precipitation enriched with oxygen, getting in thickness of wastes, promote their oxidation and transition of some substances in the water-soluble mobile form. Further, migrating in a underground stream, water-soluble substances are distributed on a direction of movement of subsoil waters. The highest values of total parameter of concentration (TPS) are fixed in the sources located in the bottom of a beam Bezimyannaya. In this place subsoil waters flow in r.Kalmiys.

Underground waters of a high degree of pollution are prevail within of all researched territory, on this background the site extremely high (in area of dump and an old dump) and a moderate degree of pollution (on separate local sites) is there. The general area of the halo of an extremely high degree of pollution of underground waters makes 0,5 km2.

It is predicted, that in the future the area of pollution will not change, as natural hydrodynamical borders - b.Thirteenth and r.Kalmiys and the geological structural conditions will not allow. The halo of pollution of underground waters is formed and essential expansion is not provided.

In sedimentary breeds where clay minerals prevail, the filtration of subsoil waters goes slowly. The big area of contact of mineral individuals and polluted chemically aggressive water, and also high sorption ability of clay minerals, promote water clearing. Eventually natural filters work even more slowly, passing the lesser amount of water, thus locating process of distribution of pollution.

As a result of complex processes around of a source of pollution a zonation constructed hole of replacement primary breeds by technogenic is emerge.

As within of researched territory pollution of underground waters is marked from the side of an old dump, regular supervision are necessary for differentiation of zones of their influence on a representative network of regime - observant chinks.