Animation.1 influence chemical composition ground water on foundation building. 151 Kbyte, 40 frames, 10 repeat
Introduction
Nowadays, there is a big problem of creation of bigger quantity of the capital engineering buildings, people need more volumes of construction, that helps to organize the habitation for more people and creates more production powers. But creation of engineering objects makes some additional load on the geological ambience
But what will be with geological ambience, after such influence from the people? In this case it we have the separate branch of knowledge, which includes the interaction of the geological surrounding with building engineering objects, which are build. It is an engineering geology. It's a science about engineering-geological soil, which will consist of form of the ground of the future engineering buildings. But today it is already known that influence of the geological surrounding is much broader.
Understanding of other forms of the influence allows consideration of this problem with standpoint of a geodynamic concept. The essence of the geodynamic concepts consists of the is - the whole land is divided into blocks of the different activity, this blocks are moving, rising and lowering with different speed. The borders between the blocks are deep breaks, which form tectonic framework and define the dynamic of the earth's crust. These borders are named geodynamic zone (GDZ). Along them it occurs the movement of the energy and substances on surface.
The movement of the energy and substances are two aspects of the influence of the geological ambience, which will be considered in this work.
The aim of this work is to study the geological structure of the platform of the construction of an engineering object, reveal the influence of the geological ambience on engineering-geological and hydrogeology conditions and forecast the future influence on condition of using.
The object of the study is a platform of the building engineering object (in this instance it is stadium).
The subject of the study is a geological ambience of the platform, its tectonic construction, geodynamic zones, chemical structure of the soils and underground water, physic-mechanical characteristic of the soil, parameters of the underground flow.
The data were received in process of production of the engineering-geological prospecting and additional geophysical works.
The Main information about geological ambience during the designing of engineering object are the results of the engineering-geological prospecting. It is possible to track geodynamic zone after making on the area of the study geophysical survey. But according to the building rate geophysical researches carry the recommendation character and they are not obligatory. In this work it is revealed the of presence geodynamic zones on the area of the construction stadium, it is considered their influence upon different parameters of the geological ambience, which is needed to take into account at the project.
Geological structure of the territory.
In geological structure the investigated territory belongs to the north-east part of the southern side of the Kalmius-Torets basin.
The geological structure of the investigated site is represented with the weathered Carboniferous deposits covered with eluvial and aeolian-dealluvial Quaternary soils and contemporary deposits of eluvial and man-caused origin.
The Carboniferous deposits extend from the north-east to the south-west, rock dip is north-west, while the angle of dip is 15 -20 (within the zone of thrusts it reaches 60 ).
The investigated site is located in the zone of effect of the French and Coke thrusts, which occur directly under the Quaternary deposits. The location of the thrusts, according to the realised special investigative activities carried out, and shown on the geological map of the region.
The French thrust is the largest disjunctive dislocation of Donetsk-Makiivka region. It extends from the west to the east. At the central part of the site, in the area of the hanging limb of the French thrust (in the north) the thrust is approached by the Coke thrust.
Hydro-geological conditions The depth of groundwater occurrence within the site varies from 0.6m to 5.35m. The thickness of the waterbearing horizon of quaternary sediments is 1.5m-3.5m, the average permeability coefficient amounts to 0.2 m/day.
The thickness of water-bearing horizon varies within the investigated site from 13m-24.5 m in total.
Permeability coefficients of the Carboniferous deposits vary from 0.11 to 0.48 m/day, and sometimes are very close to the permeability properties of the aquifers (0.04 m/day).
The value of pressure depends on conditions of occurrence and permeability properties of rocks as well as dislocated structure of ground, zones of natural filling of fissures with silt and discharge. Results of observations of piezometers are given in an appendix.
The chemical composition of the groundwater belongs to hydrocarbonate-sulphate and sodium-calcium one; in aggressivity (corrosiveness) towards concrete of W4, W6 and W8 waterproofing types it is non-aggressive.
The Analysis of the possible influence of area on tefuture object.
Geophysical observations on under investigation area on method SGDM-À. The activity of zones are changing. These observations conducted for more efficient account of these changes. Work is conducted in such a way: on sidebar of the construction site profiles are pawned and seasonally conducted removals, by the date of surveys the maps of geodynamic zones are drawn, then maps are analyzed, estimation the factors of the geodynamic zones produced, is produced forecast of the future development of the geodynamic zones is produced, possible influence of the geological ambience on object of the study is valued.
The Analysis of the distribution of the chemical material in underground water and ground on area of the study. For study of the influence of the active break on factors of the ground water we organized analysis of the behavior of these factors in geodynamic zone of the active break on the area construction new stadium "Shakhar" given "Donbasstroiizyskaniya" Donetsk Public Enterprise. Such factors of ground water were analysed In process of the studies as pH, content sulphate, chloride, oil, phenols, separate element and others. Analyses are executed on test, selected from bore holes. For determination of the location break geological map was studied on area given area. As of chemical analysis of ground water with attraction of the computer programs are formed map-schemes of the sharing the factors on area are formed.
The Influence geodynamic zones on object. The influence of the part of the engineering buildings can be dangerous. The reason of this is shattering and increasing to permeability of the sorts in zone break. Deforming of the soil and its watering on area of bedding breaks bring to subside of designs and to those speed destruction. Besides, round-robin acting deformations in zone break bring to influence on concrete or metal, effect of this can be their early mortality. Even stable breaks, being in condition of the urbanized territory, can be actuated to account of the anthropogenic processes and continue to be in tectonic activities for long time.
The study of the active geodynamic zones such breaks on urbanized territory is a very important task gynecological studies. The active geodynamic zone can disadvantage to influence upon surrounding landscape, biological objects, on health of the person. Presence geodynamic zones can greatly reduce value of a landed resource and influence upon level land rents within town territory.
The Influence of underground water lying on area geodynamic zones on object. The analysis provided in text of the map-schemes shows that the area with maximum importance's pH are located along line the most active break, or displaced on southeast - aside directions of the flow ground water. Such breaks is French (NE course) and Coke (NW course) thrusts. On schemes two directions are seen, along which area of maximum importance's of the factor is located. One of them spreads to the southwesterly on northeast and corresponds to the geodynamic zone French thrust, the other line spreads c northwest to the centre of the scheme that corresponds to the position an geodynamic zones Coke thrust.
Such picture exists and for the other factors ground water.
The results of the studies show the obvious influence of the breaks on chemism underground water. The breaks are good "supplier of" chemical join, including that, which promote increasing of the aggressiveness's of the ambience and destroy the concrete designs. Along break goes the increased flow deep gas, which in row of the events can be dangerous for people (the radon, methane and others.).
Conclusion
Geodynamic zones can render the significant influence upon engineering-geological conditions. Within these zones the soils are deforming, enriching of the ground flow of the different join, occurring the tectonic movement. These factors subject to the future engineering building development to different destructive processes create the fatigue influence on concrete designs and engineering service lines. All this complicates the process a construction and usages of the object.
Reduction of the influence of such negative factor is a possible of the way of preliminary mapping of the geodynamic zones and account of their position at construction of the object. it is also in such condition to use the more steadfast marks of the concrete and insulate the foundation of the buildings from influence of underground water. It is needed to create robust foundation under building to exclude the influence movement, to project locations of the building so minimize or completely to exclude the influence of the zone.
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