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Actuality

     Specific features of underground technology of coulisse of minerals do a problem of automation of ventilation of mines and mines of one of most difficult on the mountain business.
     Difficulties, that arise up during automation of control and adjusting, are conditioned, in the first turn, by the generous amount and considerable dispersion of objects of control, by the distributed character of force of the controlled parameters, by the accidental character of indignations.
     Variously dynamic properties turn out of objects of ventilation. So, in the conditions of mining areas of coal mine, especially at overflowing through the made space to the chart of ventilation, a character of change in time of concentration of metane on the initial stream relies not only on the quantity of incoming air, but also from speed of its change in time.
     The increase of quantity of sensors, in particular sensors of concentration of metane on the gas mines, requires the improvement of methods and tools of prophylaxis, technical diagnostics of the system on the whole. Considerable difficulties at creation and introduction of sensors of control of parameters and components of mine atmosphere are conditioned extraordinarily by the heavy their external environments and specific requirements, offered to them (sparkproof, minimum weight and sizes, hit proof, anticorrosion, high selectivity in relation to the measured parameter at the complex influencing of different external factors).

Purpose of work

      Of the given work development is a purpose of the system of the automated management by ventilation, that will allow to eliminate the outages of mountain equipment, related to the degazation measures and to promote safety of conduct of mountain works.

Novelty

      A novelty of this project consists in that a mine is equipped by the system of monitoring of a new type in the maximally compressed term and on the equipment of home production. Thus approach to the control of safety is complex and engulfs not only the parameters of aerogaz situation, but foresees the control of state of technological equipment.

Analysis of tools and charts of ventilation of mines

     The ventilation of mine is carried out by creation of current of air in the network of the mountain making. The accepted direction of currents of air in network determines a chart of ventilation of mine and separate its areas. In the mine vent network the mountain making enter and building, on which air moves, and also making, vent building and made space, through which air leaks in such quantity, that affects ventilation of mine. The direction of currents of air is carried out by means vent building (ventilators, jumpers, doors, pipelines, crossings and in.).
     Currents of air, threads of harmful admixtures (gases, dust, heat), vent network, vent building and sources of traction in network will form the mine vent system, that is characterized by the chart of motion of air in network, by intensity of vent process (exchange and transfer of mass and energy), by the aerodynamic mode of air flew. concentration is its main parameters of harmful admixtures in the mine atmosphere, by volume debits of currents (share air in network)of air, aerodynamic resistance mountain making and building, depression of sources of mechanical and natural traction. The mine vent system usually is in the state (that is on the average stationary). However at fires, destruction of the vent building and other gazodynamic, thermodynamics and aerodynamic indignations the vent system can pass to the stationary state. The transition of the system from one state in other proceeds from 1-2 hv about a few hours. In the most cases transient behaviors result in the emergency situations in mine. Power of the mine venting system provides possible vent mode in outter and emergencies characterizes a degree of its reliability.
     Mine vent networks can be presented in the type of vent plan, and also spatial and aerodynamic charts.
     A vent plan is a plan of the mountain making, on which by the conventional signs the marked directions of currents of air, vent building, meathuring stations, quantity of the air passing on making and rate of its movement and in. A spatial chart of vent network characterizes the spatial location of the mountain making. It very evident for mines, that develop sloping or steep layers. An aerodynamic (whether canon) chart is the simplified graph of network (removes the spatial location of making), on which intercommunication is saved of all elements of network. A chart can be opened and reserved. Shorting of aerodynamic chart is carried out by atmosphere on surface. On picture 1 you can see the types of mine ventilators.

picture 1 – The types of mine ventilators (7 frames 50 reiterations)

Purpose and tasks of automation of process of ventilation, criteria of management

     A technological process of ventilation takes responsible seat at the production process of mining, because possibility of conduct of mountain works, health and labour productivity of working in the considerable measure rely on the state of ventilation of the mountain making.
     Mechanization and automation of basic technological process, increase of power and depths of coal mines, concentration of production and intensification of mountain works are accompanied by the considerable increase of excretions in the mine atmosphere of harmful admixtures, dust, gas and heat. These factors hamper providing of the mountain making air in its necessary quantity and composition.
     On the mode of ventilation of mine negatively influences both shortage of air, that causes the rise of concentration of metane and worsening of climatic terms in making, and surplus of air, that results in the rise of pile quantity and freezing action of current of air, to the increase of sources and growth of expenditure of electric power.      Parameters of the aerogaz mode of mines are rationed and are characterized by the following ranges of values.
     1. The main charges of air change from 40 about 500 m3/s,thus charges of air in mines, are used as basic objects of the automatic adjusting by ventilation, after the rare exception exceed 150 m /с. An expenditure of air on the maintaining areas account for from 6 about 40 m /с.
      2. Rates of movement of air are limited by Rules of safety. Within bounds of cleansing ends they can change from 0,25 about 4 m/s, practically making in the gas mines 1,5-4 m/s. In making of maintaining area a basic range of rates of movement of air is in scopes from 0,8 to 3m/s. In making of main purpose of speed make 2-6 m/s (rarely arriving at 8 m/s).
     In the conditions of the automatic adjusting of ventilation it is necessary to foresee possibility of the brief exceeding of middle rate of movement of air. Therefore ranges of speeds will be in the following scopes: in cleansing ends - from 1 about 8 m/s, in the vent making of maintaining area of - 0,5 about 10 m/s, in the initial streams of mines - from 2 about 12 m/s.
     However, the basic influence on the state of mine atmosphere does metane, that is selected from the made space, because exactly the concentration of metane on the job positions and in the initial streams regulates work of all underground technological complex of booty of useful fossils. Operating norms of its maintenance in the mine atmosphere are accepted with the large supply (1% in the initial stream during the explosive concentration 5%). This is conditioned by absence on the coal mines of the automatic systems of management by ventilation, that allow operatively to affect the state of mine atmosphere.
     As a result a mine vent network is accepted to consider as a difficult system, that consists of two subsystems: subsystems of airflow management and subsystems of metane detachment. Presently most trained there is the first subsystem. The second subsystem is trained not enough, is explained that by the very difficult character of process of metane detachment at the booty of useful fossils.
     Both subsystems interdependent, therefore at construction of the automated system of management by ventilation was correctly to consider them in co-operation, however a baffling complexity and originality of transitional aerogazdynamic processes allow so far to get the mathematical description enough correct for the general case of dynamics of these subsystems.
     Variety and complication of charts of mine ventilation, large length and ramified of vent network, complication of receipt of reliable information about the parameters of mine atmosphere and of other specific mine terms put a row task of management by ventilation in the row of most difficult.
     Objectively to manage a process of ventilation in such terms without application of modern tools of automation and computing engineering appears to possible, therefore it is necessary to consider a process and from look theories of automatic control.
     A process of ventilation, as an object of the automated management, is characterized by the following signs:
- by the presence of general task and sole purpose of functioning for the system on the whole (normalization is a general task of composition of atmosphere on metane in all operating making; purpose of functioning of the system — minimization of rejections of concentration of harmful gases in making of mine from the set level);
- by the considerable number of interactive or parts of elements (largeness of network of making, made spaces, presence of ventilators, vent building, natural sources of traction);
- by possibility of selection of groups of elements in subsystems, that are characterized by the independent purposes of functioning (district subsystems are basic of ventilation);
- by the hieratic structure of communications of subsystems and by the hierarchy of criteria of efficiency of functioning of all system;
- by complication of conduct of the system, related to the accidental character of influencing and feed-backs inwardly the system;
- by the high reliability of the system on the whole, built from the not enough reliable elements.

Conclusion

     Application of the systems for the management by ventilation it is impossible because of absence at them «handling» part. This task can be decided by the highly productive computerized system only, that allows to carry out basic functions - collection of information about the controlled objects, got data analysis and delivery to the controller (to the statement AGC) of exhaustive information about measures, which it is necessary to accept in the given situation, if this is needed, actually, the management.
     Coming from this, the system must be developed, that decides all row of the put tasks, that answers thus the requirements of reliability, longevity, that meets standards, marked in PB and has a low cost thus. The system must be developed with the use of central COMPUTER and network of peripheral concentrator - analyzer of information on the base of microchips. This assumes development of measuring transformers (sensors) of other type, than those, that are used on mines now.

The list of used literarture

1. Ушаков К. С., Бурчаков А. С. Аэрология горных предприятий.-М.:Недра, 1987.-421 с.
2. Пучков Л.А., Бахвалов Л.А. Методы и алгоритмы автоматического управления проветриванием угольных шахт. - М.:Недра, 1992. – 399 с.
3. Бабак Г.А., Бочаров К.П., .Волохов А.Т. Шахтные вентиляторные установки главного проветривания.-М.:Недра,1982.-295 с.
4. Загаевский Т. Промышленная электроника.-М.: Энергия, 1976.-631 с.

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