Increasing of the social production volume is a character of scientific and technological process. Problem of use of heavy tonnage industrial wastes in national economy becomes more critical at intensive rising of capacity of the mining enterprises. Now the volume of overburdens and waste rock exceeds 3 mlrd. m3, cleaning rejects are near 1 mlrd. m³.

The variety of composition and properties of the overburdens and waste rock determines a range of their utilization at different fields of the industry of building materials. The overburdens of many deposits are qualitative raw materials for production of extensive list of building materials: a lime-sand brick, a ceramic brick, a ceramics, a glass, etc.

The purpose of the present work is the research of the possibility of use of the co-products made at the production of some materials from the natural raw materials and other wastes for production of the ceramic glazes.

The main research object is a nephelinic syenite – the reject of zirconium concentrate located at the territory of Donetsk chemical-and-metallurgical plant at Donskoye settlement of Volnovakha district. Nephelinic syenite is the co-product made as a result of extraction and wet cleaning of zircon ores. Nepheline is at dump in quantity of some million tons.

The tasks are:

1. -to develop a composition of the ceramic glazes;
2. - to select the optimal firing temperature;
3. - to make decision about possibility of use of the technogenic waste as one of the main components for production of the ceramic glazes on the grounds of received results;
4. -getting of necessary ratio of coefficient of thermal linear expansion of the crock and coverage;
5. -selection of a coloring agent for coloration of the glaze layer;
6. - utilization of the technogenic waste.

2 EXPERIMENTAL PART

2.1Specification of raw materials

Nepheline-containing raw materials are the alkaline aluminum silicates; the main ones are the nepheline, feldspars and colored minerals. Chemical composition of studied nepheline-containing waste is characterized by the following containing of the components (%): SiO₂ – 39.3; Al₂O₃ – 32.87; Na₂O – 16.3; K₂O – 5.93; CaO – 1.53; Fe₂O₃ – 1.01; MgO – 0.61; TiO₂ – 0.28; ZrO₂ – 0.1; ignition loss – 2.04.

Although nepheline belongs to the heat-resistant minerals it generates low-melt eutectics with quartz, feldspars, melilite, pyroxenes. It was a reason of the nepheline using as a component of ceramic glaze.

Glaze is a thin coat of vitreous coating laid on the surface of ceramic products with following firing.

The purpose of the glazes is to cover a porous crock by dense and smooth bed, to substantiate the products with crock and to give a good form, to increase the chemical stability, to guarantee the electrical properties, to protect intraglaze and underglaze decor against mechanical and chemical effect, to be a picturesque element as well as the bottom layer for overglaze and intraglaze decor.

Alkali-containing removal of Kostyantynivka chemical plant of the following chemical composition (%): CaO – 64.63; BaO – 22; SrO₃ – 11.23; SO₃ – 2.03; ignition loss – 0,11; breakage of bottle glass; semiacid kaolin of “The White Gully” collected at the dumps as the overburdens of the following composition (%): SiO₂ – 61; Al₂O₃ – 23,5; Na₂O – 0,45; K₂O – 2,35; CaO – 0,4; Fe₂O₃ – 1,1; MgO – 0,6;TiO₂ – 1,5; ignition loss – 9,1 were used in this work as other components of the glaze.

The compositions stated in the table 1 below were investigated for production of еру unfritted glaze.

Table 1 - Composition of glazes.

For preparation of mixture initial components have been weighed on analytical weights, then crushed before passage through a sieve 02 and mixed in the ratio corresponding to the composition of glaze and shut by the distilled water. Mass was carefully mixed and inflicted on the preliminary moistened ceramic burnt and burned at the temperature 1000 and 1100°C.

CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions are made as a result of research. The studied wastes can be used as basic components of ceramic glaze. The temperature of 1100 °C is optimum for the poured burning, transparent glassy coverage being produced.