Leader of work: Chayka L. V.

   According to the assessment of European economic commission of UN the state whose water resources do not exceed 1,5 thousand m³ of the annual flow per one person is considered to have the available water supply. As to water reserve available for a disposal Ukraine is related to such countries [1, 2].
   Pollution of water resources of Donbass is one of the urgent ecological problems. Water system is a natural object which is a unity of the environment and biota existing in it.
   The object of the research in this work is the river Kalmius, an integral part of Donetsk city landscape, which is related to the most significant economic, social, recreation and national economy objects, and at the same time it is related to “the most polluted rivers” as to the quality category.
   The aim of this work is to analyze the dynamics of worsening of hydrochemical factors of the river Kalmius for the last years and the effect of these processes on the environment of Donetsk city.

   It was historically established that Donbass is a region concentrated different industries which use all natural resources and it has resulted in negative ecological situation in the region.
    The ecological environment of Donbass in whole and of Donetsk city particularly is a typical ecological environment having been changed anthropogenically. Notwithstanding the fact that people’s health depends on the condition of the environment, the process of worsening of all its components including water resources is being strengthened in Donbass.
   The enterprises of all the branches of national economy use the water potential of the region as much as possible in their activity while there are 6 times fewer water sources than they are on average in Ukraine.
    For Donetsk region the consumption and supply of water is one of the main ecological problems which need to be solved urgently because the amount of discharge of untreated and not enough treated water reaches about 30% from the total discharges in Ukraine.
   Table 1 shows the amounts of water consumption by the main areas of Donbass.
               

Table 1: The dynamics of water consumption during the period from 2001 till 2006, million m³

Areas consuption	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Industry	1297,3	1194	1258	1227	1164	1241,8
Agriculture	60,73	64,99	59,69	42,16	44,43	49,90
Communal services	350,6	336,6	344,1	308,4	288,7	260,7
Irrigation	0,65	0,61	0,5	0,21	0,34	0,39
Fish farming	25,82	12,48	12,78	11,81	11,7	10,01
Total	1718,6	1604	16,74	1589	15,08	1561,8

   The analysis of the given data shows that the largest amount of natural water is the share of industry (~73%).
   Donetsk region is situated in the South-East of Ukraine within the boundaries of Dnieper (28,5%), Don (30,2%) basins and the rivers of Priazovie (41,3%), Thus water resources of the region are formed due to transit inflow of surface water of rivers, local drain, waste and mine waters as well as useful ground water storage. Water resources are the integral part of ecological system of Donetsk city which is the largest city among 49 cities and towns of the region, and they are also an important element of city landscape. The main river which flows from the north to the south through the city center is the river Kalmius with its tributaries.
   The river Kalmius is a very load carrying river of the region. On both its sides there are industrial enterprises, mines mainly, which form the river drain. As a result of constant large amounts of discharged mine and industrial waste water it became a “runoff ditch” where during a long period of time the processes of assimilation almost have not taken place as the attenuation with more or less polluted waste water depends on the location of the enterprise and on quantitative and qualitative composition of discharges.
   Straight along the banks of the river Kalmius and some its not very big tributaries there are such big enterprises as Open joint stock company “Butovka-Donetsk mine” of the production association “Donetskugol”, the mine named after A.F. Zasyadko of the production association “Donetskugol”, open joint stock company “Donetsk metallurgical plant”, joint stock company “Nord”, the mine named after Gorky of the production association “Donetskugol”, open joint stock company “Tochmash”, and the enterprise “Ukrpromvodchermet”.
   During the period of 2006 634,3 million m³ of waste water was discharged into the river Kalmius, the amounts of discharges fluctuate insignificantly each year. Average annual discharges of above said enterprises total about 3%.

CONCLUSIONS

   On the grounds of the water quality analysis of the river Kalmius and estimation of the ecological and economic damage having been made for granting the category of higher quality to the river Kalmius it is necessary:
   - to enhance the responsibility of the enterprises-pollutants for the quality of waste water which is discharged;
   - to establish an analytical laboratory to analyze the quality of water all the time according to hydrochemical, toxicological and microbiological factors;
   - to revise the criteria concerning the estimation of the damage under the methodology of calculating the amounts of indemnification caused to the country by breaking the law about protection and water resources conservation;
   - to develop a goal-oriented program as to treating the river Kalmius with the purpose to satisfy the requirements relating to water bodies of municipal use.

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