Earth crust represents blocks of the various sizes which are in constant movement. Tectonic movements of blocks have the cyclic character defined by endogenous rhythmic of processes of the Earth and influence of Space. Borders of blocks in radical breeds are explosive infringements of a various order - deep breaks, explosive tectonic infringements, fracture zones, separate cracks.
Explosive infringements in earth crust are one of the main sources of infringements and environmental contaminations.
In integumentary friable adjournment explosive dispositions are shown in the form of geodynamic zones (GDZ). In such zones parameters of geophysical fields change, is observed decompaction and subsidence bearing soils, infiltration superficial pollutants in water-bearing horizons of drinking appointment, formation of landscape anomalies with high concentration of chemical elements and substances. In geodynamic zones over active explosive infringements the deformations of a terrestrial surface leading to infringements of integrity of buildings, industrial constructions, roads, pipelines etc. Therefore their detection are observed is very important ecological problem.
To reveal a concrete arrangement of these infringements and to estimate their permeability traditional geological and geophysical methods very difficultly as all area is blocked technogenic soils and a waste by power 10-20m and more. In this connection the azimuthal method has been applied to decision the problem on planned Dokuchaevsky range of industrial wastes structurally-geodynamic mapping (SGDM) in a complex with gas shooting on ÑÎ2 (SGDM-G). The applied complex has well proved for revealing GDZ in the different countries.
The way SGDM is based on the phenomenon of azimuthal heterogeneity of electroconductivity a blanket of integumentary adjournment in connection with geodynamic processes. In the given method integumentary adjournment are used as a source of the information on an intense condition of a radical file and position in it of active explosive structures.
For realisation of a way SGDM the device developed with participation of chair of Mining and geological faculty DonNTU - an electronic clamp of anisotropy (ECA) was used (Photo 1).
Installation ECA used for performance of shooting SGDK-A
Device ECA allows to reveal operatively geodynamic zones on changing anisotropy of electroconductivity in integumentary adjournment to depth 2,5m. The geodynamic zones revealed by a method SGDM, reflect active now explosive infringements and zone of intense fracturing a file of solid rock, and also zones of formed deformations of the technogenic nature.In gas method SGDM-G integumentary adjournment are used as a source of the information on gas structure of soils. In investigated territory concentration of carbonic gas which was defined by means of mine interferometer MI-10 has been measured. Method SGDM-G was used for authentication of anomalies SGDM and for a permeability estimation of soils in the revealed geodynamic zones.
Interconnecting methods SGDM allows not only to reveal explosive infringements of various scale, but also to estimate geodynamic activity and permeability of these infringements.
The purpose of carried out works on Dokuchaevsky range of industrial wastes is detection of explosive infringements and zone of intense fracturing a solid rock along which in integumentary adjournment the adverse phenomena - deformations of the constructions can be observed, the raised filtration of the superficial polluted waters in underground water-bearing horizons.
For object in view achievement the primary goals of research dare:
- Revealing of geodynamic zones (GDZ);
- mapping GDZ a method of azimuthally shooting;
- mapping GDZ a method of gas shooting;
- Construction of cards GDZ;
- Revealing of the dangerous sites connected with GDZ;
- Working out of recommendations about building of industrial targets in territory of investigated range.
As a result of the spent researches on range two types of geodynamic zones have been found out: the tectonic and technogenic nature.
It has been established, that GDZ the tectonic nature have north-western, north-east and sub latitude prodeleting. The analysis of a geological map of area confirms presence of explosive infringements of such directions on the area. Besides, rose comparison - diagrammes (Animation 1) of prodeletings of the cracks, constructed according to geological studying of the nearest open-cast mine, also confirms presence of explosive dispositions of the named directions. The revealed geodynamic zones, especially knots of their crossing are the most dangerous structures of the area of researches. On them leaks of the polluted superficial waters from the projected store of a liquid waste in underground water-bearing horizons are possible. On sites of industrial constructions (bridges, etc.) deformations soils and the base of industrial constructions are probable.
I-3; II-3; III-7; IV-11
Animation 1. Rose comparison - diagrammes
(13 frams,10 repetitions, 107 ÊÁ)
I - IV - sectors in which it is defined directions maximum of electroconductivity of soils (from 4 directions); 0 - 12 codes of directions maximum of electroconductivity of soils in a horizontal plane: 0 - an azimuth 0 ° (a direction on the north), 1 - an azimuth 30 °, 2 - an azimuth 60 °, 3 - an azimuth 90 ° (east), 4 - an azimuth 120 °, 5 - an azimuth 150 °, 6 - an azimuth 180 ° (south), 7 - an azimuth 210 °, 8 - an azimuth 240 °, 9 - an azimuth 270 ° (West), 10 - an azimuth 300 °, 11 - an azimuth 330 °, 12 - an azimuth 0 ° (control).
Revealing of geodynamic zones is the important ecological problem. In this connection researches of such zones on Dokuchaevsky range of industrial wastes have been carried out. The cores methods of researches were methods SGDM-A and SGDM-G For realisation of a method SGDM-A installation EFA developed on chair Mining and geological faculty DonNTU was used.
At researches on range have been found out explosive infringements and a zone of intense fracturing a solid rock; it has been allocated two types of geodynamic zones:
- The tectonic nature, reflecting active explosive dispositions of solid rock (fractured zone, explosive infringements). On them leaks of the polluted superficial waters in underground water-bearing horizons, and also deformations of soils and industrial constructions are possible;
- The technogenic nature, reflecting anomalies of an intense condition of the top part of integumentary adjournment and bulk soils. With them landslide type cracks of a separation can be connected which formed near to abrupt walls of slopes of sailings, walls of open-cast mines etc.
As the most dangerous sites of range are dated for knots GDZ the sediment bowl of liquid industrial wastes available in territory not on these knots is recommended to have, and is direct between them. Or to strengthen the basis under a sediment bowl (some layers of a film, clay). It is recommended to transfer also roads, access roads to project out of geodynamic zones of the tectonic nature.
Researches will be finished in November, 2008. For definitive results to address to the author or to the supervisor of studies.
1. B. Voevoda, E. Sobolev, O. Savchenko. Geodinamika and its role in a sustainable development of regions// Scientific works of DonNTU, 2002.
2. B. Panov, E. Taxtamirov. New in geologo-geophysical researches//News of higher educational institutions, geology and investigation, 1993ã. - ¹3. - P. 57-67. - 45.-S.88-93.
3. Atlas. Geology and minerals of Ukraine. - Kiev:, 2001. - 168 p.
4. V. Alekhin, V. Korchemagin, P. Koinash. Features of geochemistry of Soil adjournment on a site of crossing of Northern-Volnovahsky and Viktorovsky breaks // Scientific works of DonNTU, 2003. P.120 ?125.
5. V. Alekhin, N. Saharova, O. Kovaleva. Zones of ecological risk of the tectonic nature and modern methods of their detection//Problems of wildlife management, a sustainable development and technogenic safety of regions. Materials of the fourth International scientifically-practical conference; Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, on October, 02-05nd 207. / A.G.Shapar, etc. - Dnepropetrovsk, 2007.-P.260-261.