Introduction
Electric energy is most important energies in life of all people. The economies of electric
energy are the most important question in our time. The cost of electric energy grows from economic instability. Production inputs productions
grow. Part of these expenditures it is electricity charges. Task of industrial enterprises it is rational to use the resources of power. Research
of the regimes of electro-consumption is one of methods of decision the problem.
The regimes of electro-consumption are characterized by the charts of loading. These charts
are not stable, because electro-consumption grows. Power of consumption in electric networks must be reduced. It is possible due to the
management. But managements by electro-consumption not effective.
Research of the regimes of electro-consumption, elaboration of standards of expense
and lowering of losses of electric energy, gives an economic effect.
For this purpose it is necessary to solves the following tasks:
• to learns the regimes of electro-consumption;
• to analyse the methods of researching the electrical consumption regimes.
Practical value
Performances can be used on industrial enterprises for rational consumption of electric energy.
The regimes of electrical consumption are considered in the first section
Work of electric network depends on its properties. Properties depend on time.
Transitional processes change the terms of work. Transitional processes cause the change regimes of the systems supply by electric energy.
Processes which describe the terms of work the systems of supply by electric energy and its state in the moment of time, is called the
regime of the system. Parameters of regimes - it is the values of current, power, tension. Parameters are coupled between itself and is
depended on the chart of network [1].
Parameters of chart: resistance and conductivity of elements, coefficients of transformation,
permanent time, amplification factors. Parameters depend on physical properties and chart of connection of elements.
In the systems supply by electric energy the transient behaviors set and take place. In the set
regimes the parameters of the system change constantly or slowly. In transient behaviors – change quickly in time.
In grain the changes of parameters of the regime distinguish four kinds regimes:
- normal established. The values of parameters of the regime change within the limits of
normal work of users.
- normal transitional. The parameters of the state of work of elements change quickly
and sharply (inclusion, shutdown, switching, change of loading).
- emergency transitional. In the system of changes the value of parameters
of the regime differs notedly from nominal.
- established after a failure. Elements damaged become disconnected. It is removed Failures.
Parameters of the regime near by the parameters of normal regime or can considerably differ. A propitious or adverse output can be from
a failure [2].
The second section describes the methods researching the supply by electric energy
Established regimes at planning and during exploitation calculates. Terms of work of equipment
and reception of energy it is necessary to take into account by consumers. It is allowed to carry out optimization of the regime of electric nets [3].
Electric computation of nets - regime of parameters definition in project practice. Basic data are
for computations: charts of electric nets, data about the types of wires on every area, length of areas, data about transformers, data about an
energy source and set values of tension in the items of net, computation powers of users . The computations of the regime are implemented
for the maximal and minimum loadings. If the regime at these loadings is satisfactory, at other loadings in these limits will be too.
An electric net is a difficult electric object. Electric calculations are executed on the charts
of substitution. The value of parameters is used for one point of net. Power and tension determine the losses after that current which passes
through resistance.
The basic laws of electric chains are used for the computations of the regimes. The regimes
of electric nets are difficult computations. Tension of source is known. Tension of users in points connecting is unknown. Tension must
be known in the process of implementation of computations. Two main methods are applied in practice: method of systematized selection
and method of logical supervision [4].
The first method to the simple charts is applied on condition of admission of errors.
The second method is more exact. In the elements of chart allowsto define the losses of power [5] .
A computation and analysis of the regimes of electric nets and systems is implemented
on COMPUTER in our time. The programs are effective, when is implemented automatically. The methods of tasks must be transferred
in an algorithm or program. The programs on COMPUTER must be for this reason universal [6].
The third section considers methods of researching the electrical consumption regimes
"Method of symmetryrovanyya for the selection of stationary components of the produced
regimes of and expenditures of power mediums" (Дмитриева Е.М., Fierce А.П.) [1, 10], is used for research of the regimes of consumption
of energy [7].
This method is the process of production and process of consumption of energy of
symmetryruet on all areas of parameters of the regime.
On enterprises the norm of production of goods and norm of expenditures of electric
energy is established for the regime of project productivity. For the regime of project productivity on enterprises is established norm
of production of the Vтн goods for the Т (days, month, year etc) time and norm of expenses of electric energy of pн, which allow to
expect expenses of electro-users.
At the regime distinguish: differential parameters and integral parameters. Integral parameters:
volume of output of the Vт productions, expenses of the electric energy Wт, which are determined for definite period of time. Differential
parameters: active power of p and speed of production of goods at. Parameters are described: yc, pc, by standards
 by the functions of correlation of expenses of electric energy and speed of production of goods.
Standard of production of goods in the stationary regime it is possible to define by a formula:
A standard will become less with the increase of base interval.
Limits of vibrations:
Figure 1 - Graphic image of motion of symmetryrovanyya
where  – it is static coefficient, is determined on probability of output of values after the scopes of range.
We can to do a inference, that norms for the project regime can be used for the large values of
base interval.
Stationary process: symmetryrovanye process of production, symmetryrovanye processes of
electro-consumption.
The first stage is carried out as follows: the experimental meaning of production of goods,
which more of mean value, is saved. The values of production of goods with the small values is substituted by the symmetryrovannye values
which provide central symmetry of function of distributing in relation to the center of symmetryrovanyya , with co-ordinates (Vс;0,5). On Fig.1 is
shown motion of symmetryrovanyya by pointers for a point A, the Vп abscissa of which less mean value. Through points A and C is drawn straight
line. The abscissa of the symmetryrovannykh Vк values is determined on a formula:
Vк=2Vc-Vп.
We will define the mean value Vс (depends on the type of function is step or linear and from the
quantity of the N ordinates are pair, not pair ) on the static function of distributing – at the ordinate of equal 0,5:
Vc=(V_+V+)/2
WVc=(W_+W+)/2 (3)
On the array of the Vп and Vк values with the mean value Vс is determined a hypothetical standard.
The mean values and standard determine normal production of goods, and on equalizations (2) the scopes of change of production volumes
of goods and expenditure of electric energy are determined in the stationary regime. If the values go beyond a low bound – not complete production
of goods from unstationary vibrations, and exceeding of high bound is exceeding of the planned productivity.
Conclusion
The mathematical model of the stationary regime allows to set the range norms of production
of goods and electric consumption, and also not complete production of goods and heavy tolls of electric energy. This method decides the
problem of economy of electric energy and efficiency of its use.
Literature
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«Метод симетрування для виділення стаціонарних компонент режимів виробництва і витрат енергоносіїв» Дмитрієва О.М., Лютий О.П.
:
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