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Donetsk National Technical University Polyakova Olga

Polyakova Olga

Faculty of ecology and chemical technology

Speciality:Ecology in chemical techologies

Theme of master's work:

Study of possibilities of increase of efficiency of cleaning of mine waters

Leader of work: associate professor Furman E. V.






Abstract

The problem of clearing the high mineralized mine waters is rather actual. Most sharply this problem is in Donetsk and Lugansk regions that is caused both limitation of water resources and advancing influence of dumped mine waters on pollution of region reservoirs. Dump of mine waters leads to infringement and distortion of natural modes in a hydrological network, salination and silting-up of reservoirs, thereby worsening a condition and quality performances of water objects, in particular the small rivers. Almost all dumped mine waters are aggressive and contain significant amounts of heavy metals and other microcells. There is zinc, nickel, manganese, cobalt, etc, among them.

The object of studying is the mine of a name of V.I.Lenina SHC "Makeevugol". At the enterprise is made reagentless the mechanical clearing in horizontal sediment, with the subsequent additional cleaning in ponds-lighter. Except a high mineralization in mine waters of this mine there are the ions of heavy metals: strontium, titan and manganese which contents exceeds maximum concentration limit for dump in a reservoir of cultural and community usage. In the table is resulted the characteristic of mine water before clearing, after clearing and specifications of MPD.
The name of quality performances of water Quantity, mg/l
Before the clearing After the clearing MPD
suspended substances 200 27,92 20,0
BCO 1,83 1,83 3,0
Nitrogen ammonium 0,23 0,23 2,0
Nitrites 0,03 0,03 1,0
Nitrates 0,62 0,62 10,0
Iron general 0,163 0,163 0,3
Chlorides 270,0 270,0 250,0
CCO 7,33 7,33 30,0
Sulphates 520,25 520,25 500,0
Mineralization 1634,0 1634,0 1500,0
Phenols 0,0008 0,0008 0,001
Phosphates 0,14 0,14 3,5
Oil products - - 0,2

Dump of mine water is carried out on a beam of Kalinovaja, then in the river Gruzskaya. In the river Gruzskaya also dump the industrial dumps many other industrial enterprises of Makeyevka and Hartsyzska. The Silts of the river Gruzskaya now on degree of threat for population health concern a category "rather dangerous".

Three-day biotesting of toxicity has been conducted for onions ordinary (Allium Cera L) by an estimation an indicator of growth the roots. For biotesting have been taken water samples in a place of dump the mine water in a Kalinovaja beam, above a place of the issue on 500 m, and also below the issue on 500 m. From the received data it is possible to draw a conclusion that after dump of mine water intensity of growth the roots has considerably decreased. The size of inhibition factor of growth the roots from the Kalinovaja beam above the issue has constituted 4,3 %, below the issue – 61,7 %. The received results testify to significant change of water toxicity of the Kalinovaja beam after dump in it of mine waters.

MDue to that it is necessary to improve technologies and to search for new ways of the decision the problem of clearing the mine waters. Reconstruction of operating or building of new treatment facilities on the basis of modern technologies is necessary for effective work of treatment facilities and performance of established specifications MPD, on what are required the corresponding investments.

Influence of heavy metals on natural systems ambiguously. Dump of the mine waters containing chemical elements in concentration which exceeds maximum permissible, represents potential danger to environment. On the one hand heavy metals are the integral constituent of an organism as many connections of these elements are a part of some enzymes, vitamins, hormones. In particular the danger of increasing the background contents of manganese explains the individual requirement of hidrobionts in it is very small, and receipt from an environment of their surplus amounts leads to various toxic effects and ability to live infringement.

Thereof all volume of dumping the mine waters is carried to a category insufficiently cleared on a chemical compound.

Ions of metals Fe+2 , Ca+2 , Mn+2 , Mg+2 are capable to form insoluble connections in the course of water treating. At the analytical review of existing methods of clearing the mine water, the object of researches chooses studying of influence the process of coagulation on extraction of heavy metals. The studied mechanism is based on hydrolysis of extracted ions and the subsequent soconcrection with flakes coagulant.
The mechanism of clarification the mine waters by coagulation can be considered as the formation process at coagulant hydrolysis insoluble hydroxides of aluminium or iron, to the developed surface of which sticks superfine particles of the weighed substances as a result of adhesion. These particles weighed in mine waters can serve also as the formation centers of a firm phase at condensation allocation hydroxides from the solution. Colloidal particles of hydroxides which allocated at hydrolysis of salts-coagulants, in the neutral or subacidic environment of mine waters, owing to sorption of cations hydrogen and aluminium or iron, have a positive charge of a surface; suspensions of mine waters are negative. It promotes their mutual adhesion. Rapprochement of particles on distance at which there is their agglutination (coagulation), is reached as a result of the Brownian motion (molecular-kinetic coagulation), hashing of environment (gradient coagulation) or owing to the directed moving of particles, moving with various speeds under the influence of a gravity (gravitational coagulation).
As a result of coagulant processes are formed overmiccelar structures hardly hydrated hydroxides of aluminium or iron with extracted by them water pollution – flakes. Their occurrence is caused by the units of particles of salts hydroxides have the wrong form. On separate plots of a surface such units decrease in thermodynamic potential and concentration of compensating ions is observed; at contact of such plots units stick together. However the availability at units of plots with the increased potential interferes their complete agglutination. The structures consisting of spatial cells in which water is concluded imobilize are as a formed result. Therefore formed coagulants are strongly water-bearing and contain only 2-5 % of a firm phase.
For research were used tests of water with turbidity 200 mg/l, concentration of manganese ions is 1 mg/l (simulated conditions). For comparison of changing the contents of manganese has been carried out the analysis on definitions of the manganese contents in test before coagulation and after coagulation. Used coagulanr is aluminium sulphate, a dose of coagulant (counting on a waterless product) is 31,7 mg/l, coagulation time is 1,5 hours. As a result of the conducted researches the data has been obtained that at realisation of coagulation the manganese contents in investigated water has decreased for 30 % (before clearing – 0,06 mg/l, after – 0,04mg/l).
Conclusion from all aforesaid is to choose the most effective clearing system of mine water for the purpose of decreasing the technogenic effect of the mountain enterprise on a hydrographic network of region, and also on environment as a whole.

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