Anastasiya Tihonova

Faculty of ecology and chemical technology
Speciality: Management of ecological safety


Theme of Master's work:

Improvement of the system of handling wastes of thermal electric stations

Scientific leader: professor Anatoliy Panasenko

Abstract

Introduction

     Тhe сonsiderable part (67,5%) in the power complex of Ukraine is made by thermal power stations. They make the considerable negative impact on all elements of natural environment. First of all It is a chemical contamination connected with the considerable emissions of oxides of nitrogen, carbon, dioxide of sulphur, ashes and other in the atmosphere, contamination of hydrosphere with organic substances from sewages; different types of physical influences, such as thermal and acoustic. In addition, activity of thermal power stations is connected with creation lots of solid wastes of different classes of danger, considerable part of which is made by ashes wastes.

Actuality of work

     During the process of coal burning on thermal power stations (TPS) there appears plenty of ashes wastes that make negative impact on all elements of natural environment. The most important ecological problems related to this are:

• an accumulation of toxic elements in the products of coal burning;
  
• a location of ashes sailings near-by cities (and quite often in city boundaries);
  
• emissions of toxic substances in the atmospheric air, contamination of environment of adjoining area;
  
• contamination of superficial and underground waters, soil by toxic elements and heavy metals from slag and ashes sailings;
  
• alienation of large territories with the purpose of building of slag and ashes sailings;
  
• using the technological equipment that doesn’t answer requirements to ecological safety in majority of TPS;
  
• low percentage of utilization of slag and ashes wastes.
  

     Thus, it is possible to ascertain that the problem connected with creation and accumulation of ashes and slag wastes and necessity of their further recycling, is one of the most actual environmental problems of thermal power.
     Now on seven thermal power stations of Donetsk area (Kurahovskaya, Starobeshevskaya, Uglegorskaya, Mironovskaya, Slavianskaya, Zuevskaya and Kramatorskaya) it is saved up more than 146 million tons of ashes and slag wastes, slag and ashes sailings occupy about 1,5 thousand in hectare of territory. In this connection, the extreme urgency is got by a problem of improvement of system of the waste recycling.

The work purpose

     The purpose is searching of optimum ways of minimisation and recycling of ashes and slag wastes of thermal power stations of Donetsk area and improvement of system of waste recycling.

Objects of research

     Ashes and slag wastes of TPS of Donetsk area; methods and technologies of ashes and slag wastes recycling that exist in world practice.

Research methods

     The work direction was formed on the basis of information researches, and also on the analysis of documentation of TPS of Donetsk region.

Conclusions

     The plan of arrangements for improvement of system of the wastes-recycling for the thermal power stations of Donetsk region, including ways of minimisation of creation ashes and slag wastes during technological process, optimum methods of recycling ashes and slag wastes depending on a chemical compound of wastes, equipment installations for dry catching of ashes (electrofilters, cyclones) and dry selection of ashes devices should become a result of work.