Use as a fuel in a specially prepared vodomazutnyh emulsions is an effective method to eliminate the negative effects of this phenomenon.
The combustion of WOE have significant economic impact, increase efficiency by 3-5% and reducing emissions of pollutants (СО, soot, nitrogen oxides, benze and other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the atmosphere. The use of homogenized water-oil mixtures can increase the rate of fuel combustion, save fuel and reduce harmful emissions of NOx and COx into the atmosphere when burning.
The mechanism of this effect is due to circumstance. Fuel oil, entered the burner nozzle is sprayed. Dispersity (the size of droplets) of oil is about 0,1-1 mm. If in a drop of fuel is the inclusion of small droplets of water (with a dispersity of about 1 micron),than heated occurs ebullition of such droplets to form water vapor. Water vapor breaks a drop of oil, increasing the dispersion of fuel supplied to the burner. As a result of increased surface contact of fuel with air, improving the quality of the fuel-air mixture.
In the high-temperature zone of the combustion chamber explodes, and a drop of emulsion occurs secondary dispersion of fuel. As a result of the fire mikrovzryvov arise pockets of turbulent fluctuations and increases the number of elementary droplets of fuel, so the torch is increased in volume and more evenly fills the furnace, which leads to equalization of the temperature field firebox with a reduction of local maximum temperatures and increase in the average temperature in the furnace, improving the luminosity by increasing the surface plume of radiation; significantly reduce nedozhoga fuel reduces the amount of blown air and reduce the associated heat. At the same time, a flare occurring catalytic reaction leading to the reduction of harmful gas emissions.
Located within the WOE aqueous phase can be partially dissociate during the oxidation of fuel in predplamennyh processes. Then, with increasing temperature in the active phase of combustion, the reaction of dissociation of water is accelerated. Formed in excess of the dissociation of hydrogen atoms leads to a rapid increase in the number of products of combustion. Molecules of water accelerates the progress of reactions in the oxidative processes and as a result of polar effect of significantly improving the orientation of the particles of active radicals fuel.
In the preparation phase of WOE education competitive with overheated water can take on two different schemes, homogeneous and heterogeneous. The figure depicts coarse emulsion drop and drop polydisperse emulsions.
Homogeneous pattern of education competitive phase is applicable for pure liquids, because it implies a violation of continuity due to security conditions, in which the two neighboring molecules may be at a distance of about two or more times greater than their effective diameters.
Heterogeneous scheme provides for WOE in the nuclei of the competitive phase of mikropolostey filled with water vapor and gases, mostly air. Explosion of such droplets is preceded by the formation of core competitive phase at temperatures close to the maximum possible overheating of the water.
When using WOE in the combustion chambers of boilers working on heavy grades of fuel, owing to the presence of a flare on the big drops are desirable to have dispersiveness providing watering at the specified minimum number of inclusions of water.
One of the most effective way to obtain fine emulsion technology is vodomazutnoy hydrothermal emulsification.
The data obtained allow to conclude that the emulsion droplet vodotoplivnoy when they are accompanied by heating in the combustion chambers phenomenon mikrovzryva, parameters are determined by the volumetric water content in the fuel emulsion and dispersion. There are qualitatively different processes of phase transformations of water, each of which is accompanied by different patterns of fragmentation of initial drops of fuel.