The theme:
"Analysis of ways of ecological safety improving in electrosteel-smelting manufacture "
Leader: Volodymyr Vasilevich Kochura
1. Actuality of theme
Actuality of this theme consists of that is offered technology of economy of resources for electrometallurgy industry. It will allow to reduce the expenses of primary resources and use the second resources of this production, that in same queue will result in the decline of unit cost and decline of the harmful affecting environment.
2. Purpose and tasks
of Purpose of work:
- development of technology of economy of resources;
- decline of harmful influence of electrometallurgy industry on a natural environment.
Tasks:
- search and improvement of technology of economy resources;
3. Novizna works
Novelty of work consists in that offered for applying in electrometallurgy industry modern technologies which allow to attain the planned aims and tasks of this work.
4. Practical results
Balance of the work - development of rational technology of economy resources and technology of economy of energy for applying in electrometallurgy industry. The use of the offered chart will allow to the enterprise to organize a production steel with a few of wastes due to utilization of wastes of production
5. Review researches and developments on the topic
Amount of dust, appearing in arc stoves, 1 arrives at – 2% the masses of producible steel. This dust is considered dangerous, as contains lead, zinc and cadmium. There are different methods and methods of utilization of dusts of arc electrometallurgy industry stoves.
At unloading of small in size dust from the bunker of equipment for cleaning of gas there is intensive selection to the dust.
For avoidance of selection to the dust an electrometallurgy industry dust is moistened. Electrometallurgy liquid wastes, moistening of dust got as a result, is transported by the systems of the hydraulic conveying. By the important stage for preparation of liquid wastes there is their dehydration to processing. Electrometallurgy liquid wastes to which belong and liquid wastes arc stove are such, from which moisture retires hardness. For the decline of humidity of such liquid wastes to 7-8 %, in addition to application of different vacuum filters, often apply drying.
However eliminated drying of liquid wastes can be due to application of centrifuges or filters-pressing or mixing of liquid wastes with in relation to by an unimportant dust, caught in the vehicles of the dry cleaning.
It is known, however, that the use of liquid wastes as a component of sintering mixture is complicated are not stable of their chemical and grain-size composition, that requires development of technology of recuperations of these materials in every case.
The use in sintering mixture of such micron zed materials, as liquid wastes of electrometallurgy industry, results in worsening of gas-penetrability of layer which bakes and hereupon – to the decline of the productivity of sintering machine. Enhance able maintenance of zinc in composition sintering mixture worsens work and productivity of high furnaces.
Therefore often a basic task is a selection from the electrometallurgy industry dusts of zinc and lead, and then their utilization and use. Considerable stake of liquid wastes with high maintenance of iron (50-60 %), and also zinc and lead, acts in depositories for liquid wastes and not processed. The problem of the use of liquid wastes is laboured also from not stable of their chemical and grain-size composition and high humidity, that at any method of utilization causes the necessity of their preliminary drying.
Briquetting of dust
At adding of dust to the charge of electro metallurgic stoves him cobbeding is needed. The prepared product can be got as granules or performs. The technological process of briquetting consists of the followings operations:
-operation, providing preparation of raw material to pressing, dosage of components of charge, their mixing;
-operation of pressing
-operation of treatment of raw product, with the purpose of his most rapid consolidation (drying);
-operation of warehousing and loading of the prepared product (performs pellets).
In sprayers for moistening of dust the serve of water is carried out, or liquid wastes. In addition, for preparation of dust the use of traditional technology of okomkovaniya, supposing okomkovanie of charge, consisting dust of equipment for cleaning gas of electrometallurgical stoves and is expedient.
A flow sheet (picture 1) foresees catching of dusts from an electro steel asm (1) in electro- filter or in a tissue filter (2) and accumulation of dust in bunkers (3). In the case of the use of wet equipment for cleaning of gas liquid wastes after vacuum filters (6) passes drying in a drum (7).
A dust through an oscillation humectants (5) is given in a drum or twin-shaft paddle mixer (8), where addition is foreseen also from the bunkers (4) of the containing zinc walking away from other sources and, if necessary, containing a carbon additions and connective.
1 - is an electro steel asm; 2 - it is a tissue filter; 3, 4, 11,15 - it is a bunker; 5 - it is an oscillation humectants; 6 - it is vacuum filters; 7 - it is a drum; 8 - it is a mixer;
9 - it is a rolling press; 10 - it is a crash; 12,14 - it is a slag bowl; 13 - it is a chamfer; 16,20 - it is a bunker; 17 - it is a baghose; 18 - it is induced-draught fan; 19 - it is a flue; 21 - it is a capacity for shipping
Picture 1 is a flowsheet of reciklinga of dust
Briquetting of mixture is produced in a rolling press (9). A change after sifting out on a crash (10) goes back into a mixer, and preforms accumulate in bunkers (11) and given in a electro steel asm on the repeated use. Such flow sheet allows to produce recikling dust due to the repeated use of dust with low maintenance of zinc. After achievement of necessary level of zinc (10 - 15 %), a dust periodically briketting with carbon connective and such preforms head for an area on okuskovaniyu of wastes liquid electro steel slags.
A electro steel slag from a slag bowl (12) meets on a stationary chamfer (13) in other slag bowl (14) with the taken off lid. Preliminary geared-up mixture of containing zinc dusts and liquid wastes with necessary addition of carbon is measured out from a bunker (15) on a chamfer. At the inundation of these wastes a slag at a temperature 1000 - 1100°With there is renewal of zinc and lead from oxides and their sublimation. Pair of zinc is caught in a baghose (17), accumulate in a bunker (20), and then periodically loaded in B/Ss or special capacities (21) for shipping on the factories of the coloured metallurgy. By addition of air between a bowl (14) and lid is regulate the degree of oxidization of zinc. Sucking of gases from a reactor is carried out by induced-draught (18) fan and thrown out through a flue (19). At a necessity treatment of other wastes on the offered chart the indicated materials can be measured out from a separate bunker (16), and the serve of materials from a bunker (15) is halted. Containing zinc product with maintenance 30 - 35 % zinc and 5 -10 % lead submerges and heads for processing on the factories of the coloured metallurgy, and a granular slag unloads from a slag bowl (for example, on a slag court), cools down and after division on factions in required can be used in a sintering production (by a largeness to 10 mm) and blast-furnace redistribution (by a largeness more than 10 mm). A restoration process will be the more so economical, than anymore in wastes contained zinc of Okuskovannye ferriferous wastes are subject liquid electro steel slags to the use in a blast-furnace production (on factories without agglofactories). On factories with agglofactories after division on factions mixture of wastes acts on an agglofactory (to 10 mm) and in a blast-furnace workshop (more than 10 mm). The use is partial charge on the base of electro steel slags positively will tell on the productivity of high furnaces and expense of coke.
6 List of literature
1. Осипенко В.Д., Егоричев А. П., Максимов Б.Н. Отвод и Обеспыливание газов дуговых сталеплавильных печей. - М.: Металлургия, 1986. - 140 с.
2. Юзов О. В., Харитонова М. А., Гурьев В. С. Эффективность охраны атмосферы от выбросов сталеплавильного производства. - М.: Металлургия, 1987. - 103 с.
1. Вторичные материальные ресурсы черной металлургии. Справочник, М.: Экономика, 1986. – 228с.
2. Старк С.Б. Пылеулавливание и очистка газов в металлургии.– М.: Металлургия, 1977.– 328 с.
3. Флайшандерл А., Геннари У., Ллие А. ZEWA – новый процесс утилизации металлургичеких отходов// Сталь. – 2004. - №12 – С.118 – 123.
4. Андоньев С.М., Зайцев Ю.С., Филипьев О.В. Пылегазовые выбросы предприятий черной металлургии.– Харьков, 1998. – 246 с.
5. Назюта Л.Ю. Переработка сырья и ресурсосбережение// Экотехнологии и ресурсосбережение. – 2007. - №3 – С.18 – 26.
6. Черепанов К.А., Черныш Г.И., Динельт В.М., Сухарев Ю.И. Утилизация вторичных материальных ресурсов в металлургии. – М.: Металлургия,1994.– 224 с.
8. Юдашкин М.Я. Пылеулавливание и очистка газов в металлургии.– М: Металлургия, 1984.– 320с.
9. Денисенко Г.Ф., Губонина З.И. Охрана окружающей среды в черной металлургии. – М.: Металлургия, 1989. – 208 с.
10. http://briket.ru/briket_steel1.shtml Новый способ переработки отходов сталеплавильных заводов
11. http://www.recikling.ru/ сайт посвященный вопросам рециклинга отходов
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