Èñòî÷íèê: Ìàòåðèàëû ìåæâóçîâñêîé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè — Äîíåöê, ÄîíÍÒÓ — 2007, ñ.34-41
ANNOTATION:
The motivation of labour is an important factor of orientation of personell
toward the successful work. The most effective non-material stimulation and
making auspicious conditions for the colleagues of a firm. The qualities are
listed, which the director should have.
The
success of a firm on the whole depends on the competence of a director, the
business qualities and the ability to lead the collective. You know that every
firm, first of all, is people and then money [1]. The human factor, especially
corporative creative potential of the personell, its creative possibilities,
professional qualities and good psychological atmosphere are the basic
guarantees of success. But only the qualified management can secure the
essential effect [2]. It is very important for the directors to teach their
employees to orient in the contingencies, to impart to them the skills of making
a correct decision in the condition of time deficiency and insufficient
information, to adapt their activity for the changes of environment. The
directors should form the ability of subordinates to see prospect. To manage
means to direct employees to success and self-actualization. People strive for
the positive results. They mobilize the big internal energy, when they have
interest in the results of their work and search responsibility for themselves,
if they are sure that their merits will be appreciated at their true value.
Pleasure of success and its adequate recognition by leaders influences strongly
on readiness of the collective to work in any conditions "very well"
[3].
Every
person has a striving for self-actualization. But people can be different
in compliance with their mental kinds, abilities and preferences. It looks like
an orchestra. It cannot consist only of the violins or drums; the collective of
a firm should consist of different people, which are united by overall aim and
the same leaders. Depending on how their roles are distributed among the
colective, their own qualities can assist them in or hamper the discharging
their obligations. To harmonize the work of colective and make it governed, like
perfect orchestra, is the first task of a director. A very important factor of
orientation of personnel toward a success work is the motivation of work.
The
motivation of work is the set of outside and inside driving forces, which induce
the employees to the movements, which are directed toward the achievement of
intended aims, which stimulate these movements. The motive is an emotional and
very private criterion. A person can feel positive emotions at work, if his
activity coincides with his own wishes and values. In oder to motivate a
employee to do the certain work high-level, it is necessary to understand what
he wants, to set him a task and show him how he willsatisfy the requirements
after solving this problem.
The
director of a firm has to find an employee for maintenance and strengthening of
the effect of motivation in the following:
ü
Comprehension
is understanding of sence of the work and its bonds with long-term aims of a
firm
ü
Adequacy
of set tasks of qualification of an employee
ü
Recognition
is that the employee should realize, how his contribution is important for
success of a firm
ü
Support
of initiative and estimated result
The
methods of motivation can be material and non-material. The material ones
concerne with different kinds of remunerations. The rise in wages stimulates the
growth of labour productivity, but only till certain limit. But if the salary
does not correspond to real contribution of employee to common cause, it turns
into a powerful negative factor. To choose optimal level of the salary for every
worker is an important task for director.
As
non-material motives of stimulation of personeel can be named as formation of
normal moral and psychological atmosphere in collective, free interpersonal
communication of workers of different sub-units inside the firm, trust between
employees and between them and leaders [1], creation of new work places, ability
to make oneself a career.
The
motivation allows to use effectively and economically all kinds of resources and
provide quality and price of production, which are demanded by market. In oder
to achieve it, the directors should have abilities to do the following:
ü
to
win people's favour and to make them to trust him
ü
have
an influence on opinion and behaviour of a worker and to do anything for them in
oder to have no harm
ü
to
apply the methods of material and non-material stimulation [3].
It
is necessary to know individual features and needs, his wishes and problems of
every worker, to share their interests in oder to appreciate each of them
correctly. The questionnaire design could be realize advisable. The following
questions should be in this questionnaire:
·
a
surname, a name, a patronymic
·
a post
·
an
age
·
a
date of birthday
·
education
·
hobby
·
what
he (she) likes in the organization of a firm
·
what
he (she) dislikes
·
what
should be changed
·
with
who he (she) wants to work together
·
what
he (she)
·
a
dream
·
plans
for the future
·
which
holidays he (she) celebrates
Auspicious
conditions for the work can be set up, taking into account these answers.
It
is necessary that a person takes up a post, which is corresponded to his age and
education and his place in a firm does not disgrace. It is important toknow that
the employees like or dislike in a firm, which factors should be added and which
should be delited, because if a person does not like a structure of a firm, he
will not work effectively. Then it is necessary to unite those employees, who
want to work together in compliance with their interests, qualification and age.
The very important factor of work motivation is a dream of a person, his wishe
to achieve something in his life. The firm should help a employee to put into
effect his dreams and not only at work, but assist him in aspiration to reach
the peaks. If a worker wants to get academic degree, to go in for sport, to
develop his creative potential, to visit different countries, the firm sould not
hamper this and use it as stimuluses and encouragement. The putting into effect
a dream of a person results in the increase of his labour productivity and
gratitude and trust to a firm.
Account
must be taken of what kind of holidays the employees celebrate and make them
common for the whole firm, wish many happy returns of the day to every employees.
Such
questionnaire should be realied some times in oder to know what the employees
have achieved, what they like now, what can be changed, make “a trust box”,
where every employee can write his own wishes. It is necessary to reward
everybodies for the wish to help a firm.
It
is recommended to organize the next actions:
ü
corporative
parties
ü
trips,
excursions
ü
a
rest in the fresh air
ü
group
games
ü
taking
part in the beneficent actions
ü
the
training
ü
the
talkings
These
ones will help the workers to know each other better in unformal situation.
During the corporative parties, different trips, games, excursions, rest
the workers will find common interests it will be more pleasure to work together.
It contributes to a good atmosphere in a firm. The trainings are important in
oder to raise professional and person qualities of every worker, the talkings
are important for discussing different problems and if it is necessary to
discuss problems of every employee. If it is necessary a worker can visit a
psychologist at the expense of a firm.
It
is essential to organize good atmosphere at work too. It is required to colour
the walls in a office in nice, warm, but not in colour nuisance, to place an
aquarium, natural flowers and informational board, which will inform the
employees every hour about achieved results, good news and show “an anecdote
of one day”, to organize a canteen, where a person really can have a rest, to
hold a tables with aphorisms, quotations of famous people about success in oder
to believe in oneself. Such atmosphere will not depress the employees, they will
not come back home very wearily, and vice versa, they will go to work every day
in a good mood, wating for meeting with their friends, wanting to achieve
something in their life.
At
any rate even the correct following developed algorithm of changes will not
spare inevitable resistance to changes. The main causes of resistance are fear
of the unknown, loosing the feeling of confidence in the future. Especially
people worry about the threat of appearing new difficult tasks and duties,
realization of unnoticed privations [4]. The following methods are offered
against this resistance:
ü
providing
personnel with clear indications for all important ways
ü
accessible
accessible of specialists of this field to the personnel
ü
organization
the talkings about innovations and exposuring
weak sides
ü
organization
of business games and training
ü
remuneration
of those, who took the innovations positively
It
is not less important trust of employees to leaders. The loosing of trust of
employees by leaders is fraught with the security threat of business.
The
director should become an example for employees. He is good, if he:
ü
has
a positive practical wide experience of personnel management
ü
has
the wide experience in different
fields of business
ü
is
an approachable person and can communicate with the employees very well
ü
is
charged with results
ü
is
in earnest about innovations and perfection of business in compliance with his
aims
ü
induces
the personnel to openness and encourages the organization of effective group
discussing
ü
gives clear
instructions: what to do, when and how:
ü
gives
an incentive to personnel for the good work and criticizes when it is really
necessary
ü
gives
an incentive to personnel to to give their view
The
director is not “perfect director”, if he
·
does
not his work and the work of his
firm
·
first
does pleasure and favorite work and unpleasure and difficult one
·
does
not trust his
·
does
not know his workers and have no interest in their work and their own plans and
does not believe in their abilities
·
does
not keep his promises
·
conclusions:
Any
firm is people at first and then money. The personnel do not only decide
anything, but it can deprive everything. The director should have abilities to
manage a firm correctly, use the methods of material and non-material
stimulation dosedly and personificaly, take care about the psychological
atmosphere in colective, help employees to to overcome the difficulties, want to
know about results of the team-work and busy heself with self-perfection