Introduction
The Donetsk region is famous for it’s metallurgical and by-product coke plants. The technological process industrial enterprises is supported by the carbon monoxide emissions through smokestacks, which are usually present at the plants with different high and diameter. These pipes are deformation prone, that’s why each pipe should be controlled and by means of systematic observation, periodical, special examination of their upper and inner constructions and also complex inspection.
Obsevation
of
smokestacks heel and basement settling under the foundations should be
provided
systematically, with the use of geodetical instruments:
- the first two years
after the building two times a year;
- after two years by the stabilization
of foundation
settling (1 mm a year and less), one time a year;
- after
the settlings stabilization, one time a five
years.
The theme currency
For
the purpose of modern actions fulfilment for deformable high objekts
constructions strenghtening and their crash abolition one should
regulary
provide geodetical measurements of basement deformations, smokestacks
constructions and their parts with the frequency, which pre-determinied
by the
project documentation on these objects. Notwithstanding the great
experiment in
the settling and deformation measurement works providing, the currency
of this
question doesn’t reduce, by the way that in any particular
case it could be different
ways because of existance of other building.
The
connection of work and other scienbtific programs, plans and themes
One
of the scientific direction at the chair of geoinformatics and
geodetics is the
thoeretical substination of the new technologies of geodetical works
fulfilment. Work out of the mathematical set of formula and the new
technology
of smockestack deformation observation is one of the directions of this
work.
That’s why one can regard the theme of master’s
work connected with programs, plans
and themes of researches made at the geoinformatics and geodetics at
DonNTU.
Objective and tasks of works out and researches
The objective of this work is the reseach of high buildings heel technologies, which exist, with further choice of the optimal one, which one can use notwithtanding the building density or technic items saturation around the object which is under the observation, and which also let deminish the manhours in the way of deminishing of survey and laboratory works, raise the main culture of execution.
Idea of the work:The working out of the new technology of smokestack deformation observation, which oriented on particular automatization of technological process and each observed smokestack monitoring providing, i.e. smokestack deformation in time and space analysis.
Image
1 – The technology of smokestack
deformation observation (GIF Animator 5.1, 6 pictures, 1 s, 45,6 Кб)
The
main tasks of the working out of the research
For the realization of the objective defined is planed to fulfill such tasks:
1) to learn existing ways of construction heel observation;
2) to make the comparative analysis of these ways;
3) to substantinate the progressive technology of observation of smokestack deformation and test it;
4) to research the new
technology accuracy and effectivness.
The object of the workings out and research: technology of observation of smokestack deformation.
Research
method: mathematical
modelling and mathematical analysis.
The workings out and
research volume: It
was worked out and tested the model of
the smokestack without deformations and the smokestack with
deformations, made
the test of calculating set of the formula on the real smokestack.
Scientific
novelty:
1) it was got mathematical model of the smokestack by the profile of which the desicion of smokestack deformation could be made.
2) it was worked out
the new technology of the observation of the smokestack deformation
with the
usage of electronic tacheometer and was offered the mathematical set of
formula
for calculation.
The
practical meaning of the results:
1) substantial mindering of survey works for the smokestacks observation, because of no need to mark the points on the pipe;
2) at the obsevation process one could immidiately transfer the survey data to the computer and calculate them;
3) loan - reduction for the workers, because of need in only one expert.
4) it is possible to
provide the monitoring of each particular pipe.
Research
results test: The
main regulations of the work were presented at the 2007, 2008 and 2009
scientific conferentions and was favourably received by the experts.
The overview of the workings out and researches on the theme
For the fulfilment of the first and the second tasks the ways of the tower-type buildings heels obsevation [1-11] were learnt. For that the main criteria of comparament were defined [1-11]:
1) the need of basic geodetical network creation;
2) the frequency of this network renewal;
3) the connection with the points of national geodetical network;
4) the quantity of points, from which the observation of the building heel will be made;
5) the minimal moving off of these points from the observation object.
6) the maximal moving off of these points from the observation object;
7) the geodetical tools for measurement making;
8) the quantities, which are measured at the survey condition;
9) calculating results.
From the analysis of all the ways of tower-type buildings heels observations regarded, the analysis of the modern set of geodetical tools and computer technologies existing, the conclusion was drawn, that it is possible to considerable improove these technologies in the way of focusing them on the new geodetical tools, particulary on the electronic tacheometer.
Summary
In the master’s work the theoretical substination and practical results are made for the solution of scientific-practical problem of geodetical software for smokestackes deformation observation working out.
The usage of modern electrical-optical methods of the survey by the control of condition of the important high objects of the industry enterprises enables:
- deminish the manning for the geodetical works;
- to increase the safety of geodetical works;
- improve the high-buildings maintenance conditions.
References
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