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Kozachenko Tatyana

Kozachenko Tatyana

Mining-geological faculty

Speciality: Technology and technics of investigation of mineral deposits

Theme of master's work:

Working out the pulsing the pump unit for drilling in difficult mountain-geological conditions

Scientific adviser: Ryazanov Andrey Nikolaevich

Materials on the theme of master's work: About author

The abstract on a theme of master's work

Introductinon

The developed device concerns a structure of pumps, concerns pulsing pumps and can be used at drilling of wells in the conditions of complete absorption of a liquid.

The purpose and operation problems

The diploma purpose is - mining of mathematical model of operation of the pulsing pump for drilling in wells with low dynamic level, an establishment of law of operation, mining of a practical construction of this mechanism.
During operation it is necessary to solve following problems:

  1. to define the minimum speed of an upward flow of the liquid providing an offset of particles of broken ground in The pipe in which falls soil, and the expense corresponding to it;

  2. to define time of movement of a particle of soil from working face to the pipe in which falls soil;

  3. To establish character of dependence of the expense of a liquid from time;

  4. to define duration of a stage of displacement and rational length of the cylinder of the pump;

  5. to define time for filling with a cylinder liquid;

  6. to define frequency of pulsations.

Prospective scientific novelty

On the basis of equation Bernulli for an unsteady stream of a real liquid pulsing a pumping unit the mathematical model of a duty cycle will be developed for drilling of wells in the conditions of complete absorption liquids.
During operation performance it is planned:

  1. to make the analysis of constructions of modern means for redrilling of intervals of the well characterised by intensive absorption of a liquid, are allocated their scope, advantage and lacks;

  2. rational design parametres of the pulsing pump 89mm for drilling in wells with low dynamic level are defined;

  3. the pump construction is developed, working figures are executed.

Prospective practical value

For Donbass rather actual there is unresolved till now a problem of increase of efficiency of drilling of wells in the conditions of liquid absorption in permeable zones geologic, and especially technogenic character.[12] In this case considerable fall of dynamic level of a liquid in well is observed. Expenses of time and means for absorption liquidation, manufacture and delivery of the refining agent, and also elimination of possible consequences of a sharp decrease of level of the liquid, hole walls consisting in a downfall, essentially reduce efficiency of drillings.
In similar conditions expediently to use face pulsing washing of borehole bottom by the liquid which has remained in it, with application of pneumatic pumps.
The technology of face washing is harmless, as is carried out by the natural refining agent being in well without special reagents. Thus there is no necessity of delivery to a liquid drill site.

The review of existing researches and mining's

In the first constructions of shells for drilling with local circulation additional apertures for a liquid conclusion in annulus space became only at a shell reciprocating. Subsequently for improvement of circulation of a liquid below apertures began to place the spherical valve that provided more reliable circulation of a liquid and the best advancement of a core in a core pipe. [2,c. 58-63; 5,c. 124-129]

Boring method with the local circulation
Figure 1.
 boring method with the local circulation
Animation boring method with the local circulation
(7 shots, the size 80,7 Kb)

The boring method with the local circulation, carried out by customary shells, has a number of lacks which limited its distribution. The cores from them is the following: necessity of a frequent reciprocating of a shell, that at manual giving tyres the machinist and leads to fast deterioration of a drilling equipment; a deposition of a core from a core pipe at a reciprocating of a shell and destruction by its bit; a sharp decrease of speed of drilling for flight at drilling of loose or very viscous soils. [1,c. 84-87; 8,c. 144-145, 4.]
Researches of this boring method have led to creation of the submersible pumps put in action by compressed air, and mining of essentially new schemes of drilling with their use.
It is perspective at washing of wells with insignificant quantity of a liquid in a face part, the technological scheme with use of the piston pump with a drive from the pneumoengine, developed by V.V. Kudryashov.
However, such scheme has not found a wide circulation owing to a number of the lacks inherent in piston pneumopumps included in its structure, namely: the constructive complexity caused by necessity of careful hermetic sealing of working chambers and application of own system for greasing of rubbing surfaces; high cost. In the USA under production conditions the pneumatic pulsing pump, the technological scheme of drilling of well with which application for the first time is developed and approved, is resulted in figure 2.   [7,c. 46-49; 3,c. 182-185,11]

The scheme of drilling with local washing, creates pneumatic the pulsing the pump.
Figure 2. The scheme of drilling with local washing, creates pneumatic the pulsing the pump.

For the purpose of reliability increase, by the coordination of operation of the distributor with processes of forcing and liquid suction, in a working cavity of the pump the pulsing pumping unit on А.S. is developed №769086 F04В 47/00 1978. It is reached by that the distributive mechanism has the additional float valve established with possibility of axial moving concerning draught and located over the piston, and last from the top end face is supplied by a saddle for interaction with the mentioned float valve and through axial apertures, and from the bottom end face there is a spring. [9,c.203-204. 5,6]
In figure 3a the longitudinal section of the pump with position of parts of knot of the distributive mechanism in top extreme (is represented at forcing of a liquid from a working cavity of the pump in well), in figure 3b - too parts of knot of the distributive mechanism in the bottom position (at suction of a liquid from annulus space of well).

Longitudinal section ППН with position of parts of knot of the distributive mechanism
Figure 3. Longitudinal section ППН with position of parts of knot of the distributive mechanism

The closest on technical essence to the developed device, is the pulsing pumping unit on ampere-second № 987173 F 04В 47/00, 1981. Its construction consists from collected in one case of airdistributing mechanism VM with two valves, the pump. [1,c. 93-95; 10,c. 32-33]

The pulsing pump on ampere-second
Figure 4. The pulsing pump on ampere-second № 987173 F 04В 47/00

Lack of the known mechanism is constructive complexity, besides, application of the ball lock causes high contact stresses in a shutter, a zolotnik and the case, that negatively affects reliability of operation of the device.

Planned and received own results.

Pulsing pumps can be rather effective at redrilling of the zones connected with absorption of a liquid, including technogenic character. Their application can give rather notable economic benefit in connection with economy on liquids at drilling of wells. In operation the design procedure of working parametres of the pulsing pump realising intradownhole direct circulation of a liquid is offered. The practical construction of the pulsing unit with pneumatic shift of valves, its three-dimensional computer model and working figures is developed.
The example of a developed pulsing pumping unit is presented on dr. 5

The scheme of the developed device
Figure 5. The scheme of the developed device

The conclusion.

The analysis and spent before operation, have shown perspectivity of application in permeable zones intradownhole pulsing washing by means of pulsing pumps, using a small column of a liquid remaining in well. Thus there is no necessity for the expenses connected with its manufacture and delivery, and as carrying out of fastening which, not always reliably isolate permeable a zone of technogenic character. However possibilities intradownhole pulsing washing practically are not realised because of fast saturation by slime of insignificant quantity of a liquid in well, that negatively influences both drilling process, and on process equipment operation.
Thus, development of technology intradownhole pulsing washing in the conditions of influence of technogenic zones represents the important problem.

The list of the used sources

  1. Сулакшин С.С. Бурение геологоразведочных скважин. – М.: Недра, 1994. – 196 с.

  2. Суреньянс С.Я. Эксплуатация водяных скважин. – М.: Стройиздат, 1976. – 129 с.

  3. Шерстнев Н.М., Расидзе Я.М., Ширинзаде С.А. Предупреждение и ликвидация осложнений в бурении. – М.: Недра, 1979. – 224 с.

  4. Ясов В.Г. Ликвидация поглощений промывочной жидкости при бурении разведочных скважин. М.: Недра, 1964. – 100 с.

  5. Альтшуль А.Д., Животовский Л.С., Иванов Л.П. Гидравлика и аэродинамика. – М.: Недра, 1982. – 384 с.

  6. Алексеев Ю.Ф., Надежкин А.Д. Пути увеличения выноса керна. М., Гостоптехиздат, 1963. – 285 с.

  7. Атякин А.К., Волокитенков А. А. Опробирование и бурение разведочных скважин в осложненных условий. М.,Гостоптехиздат, 1963. – 231 с.

  8. Бажутин А.Н. Результаты испытаний погружного пневматического поршневого насоса со спец. шламовыми трубами. "Разведка и охрана недр". 1962. – 134 с.

  9. Воздвиженский Б.И., Большаков В.В. О классификации пород и полезных ископаемых по трудности извлечения из них кернов. 1962.  – 223 с.

  10. Волков С.А. Мероприятия по повышению выхода керна. "Разведка и охрана недр". 1959. – 356 с.

  11. Волков С.А., Боголюбский К.А. Безнасосное бурение. М., Госгеолтехиздат, 1956.  – 305 с.

  12. Соболев В.В., Скобенко А.В., Иванчишин С.Я. "Физика горных пород" Учебное пособие для вузов, Днепропетровск 2003. - 34 с.

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