Faculty: Mining and geology
Speciality: Ekological geology
Actuality of theme
A theme is actual above all things because, when during different researches it is found out contamination of some area, necessary to determine all possible sources of contamination, examine influence of different objects.
Thus endogenous and exogenous geological processes influencing on forming of geological environment are the basic objects of study; landscape-geochemical systems (natural and anthropogenic).
Estimation is eventual balance of the work the states of geological environment and estimation of influencing of natural processes flowing in her on an ecological situation; and also estimation of aggregate of natural and factors of geological environment, systems determining functioning and their ecological parameters.
Purposes and research tasks
The detailed estimation of functioning of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing on distributing of chemical elements on the explored area is the purpose of work.
Research tasks:
- choice of methods for the present data processing;
- research of conformities to the law of the spatial distributing of chemical elements on this territory;
- construction of cards of distributing of chemical elements on the explored area;
- selection of natural and anthropogenic anomalies with big maintenance of chemical elements in soils;
- study of display of intensity of geological factors;
- development of recommendations on limitation and warning of unfavorable and dangerous geological and anthropogenic processes.
Objects of research
A geological environment near by a mine «Yuzhno-Donbasskaya» № 3 is the explored object of this work.
Article of research
Estimation of geological factors influencing on the spatial distributing of chemical elements is the article of research, in an aggregate with anthropogenic factors and ecological consequences of activity of enterprise of coal industry.
Methods of research
The following methods are in-process used:
- determination of basic statistician for the indexes explored on an object;
- exposure of informing indexes and clarification of meaningfulness of connections on results the cross-correlation analysis, and also creation of association on the basis of cluster analysis;
- calculation of multiplicative index of contamination of territory;
- mapping of the spatial distributing of complex contamination of area;
- construction of landscape-geochemical cards 2, 7 and 8 levels on classification of Alekseenko [1];
- study of natural and anthropogenic factors creating contamination and influencing on intensity and area distributing of anomalies on the mine field.
Scientific value of work
The main value of this work consists in application of landscape-geochemical mapping for exposure of conformities to the law of distributing of contamination and as a result operative estimation of emergencies situations on contamination of environment.
Practical value of work
The results can be drawn at the decision of questions of ecology, enterprises of coal industry related to negative influence on the state of environment.
Such method of work can be used and in subsequent researches of contaminations of the mines fields, when important to expose and study the most widespread types of contrasting differentiating landscape-geochemical situations, it is necessary to take into account both natural and anthropogenic factors of influence, and, main, to consider them all in a complex.
As the results of landscape-geochemical mapping was received: landscapes of level 2, landscapes of level 7, landscapes of level 8. As the results of the statistical data processing was marked out: Тranceeluvial landscape, Superakvalniy landscape.
Tranceeluvial landscape. Distributing of matter takes place in an area variant and unconnected with a flow. It is related to activity of mine, because anomalous areas are concentrated round industrial grounds. Also contamination within the limits of this landscape is related to the branches of railway, where the troop landing of toxic matters can be.
For a Superakvalniy landscape is typical maintenances of elements are characteristic, that in the spatial relation are on the lowered areas of relief. Accumulation is related to the flow of matter from all territory and concentration of him on the beams of rivers. Also large concentrations are concentrated in the district of core pool. Here is accumulation of harmful components due to activity of enterprise. Also on territory there are the swamped areas which in the turn are geochemical barriers. Here is accumulation of matter that was confirmed by the conducted researches. That for this landscape characteristically most accumulation of wastes.
Thus, in the area relation total contamination gets into places of location of industrial grounds of mine «Yuzhno-Donbasskaya» № 3, or in places, where the flow of matter is from pedigrees dumps, industrial area, cleansing buildings (bogs, beams and etc). These objects are included in an industrial landscape (2 levels). That they are the areas of appearance of harmful and toxic matters from which contamination spreads on all territory and accumulates on the landscapes described before.
All basic types of anthropogenic changes in nature not keep indoors outside a biosphere. But practically impossible to link a such global concept, as biosphere, with influence on the change of processes of migration and concentration of different matters of separate enterprises and even large industrial and agrarian complexes. In this connection more comfortable to examine the geochemical role of anthropogenic processes at more low level of organization of matter [2].
The question of exposure of factors influencing on the spatial distributing of chemical elements in the soil fields of mine «Yuzhno-Donbasskaya» № 3 was considered. Distributing of chemical elements is studied in soils on the explored area. Separate elementary landscapes for which selections are formed and the different types of analysis are conducted are selected (statistical, cross-correlation, cluster). From got data the cards of total contamination of territory are built. It is set that maximal concentrations are timed to the places of location of central industrial area mine pedigree dump and core pool, and accumulation of matters takes place on the lowered areas of relief.
Decisions of the ecological problems which related to activity of enterprises of coal industry of the Donetsk region on the whole and the concrete explored object requires complex approach. Basic directions of decision of these problems, in our view following:
1. Introduction of mining processes without delivery of gob on a surface and renewal of the system of prophylaxis from spontaneous combustion of pedigrees dumps.
2. Maximal use of gas-methane which is selected from coal layers; transition of motor transport on a gaseous fuel.
3. Warning of filtration of harmful matters from operating mines core pools, both in underground basal water horizons and superficial watercourses. It is thus necessary to spare the special attention to the tectonic structures active in a modern epoch, and which are the explorers of filter matters in the bowels of the earth.
4. Decline of volumes of formation of harmful waste, their subsequent utilization; liquidation of depositories of high-toxic waste; organization of grounds or places of storage of productions wastes.
5. Revegetation with renewal of agricultural, recreational or residential of their value, for example, deep ploughing [3].
Implementation of foregoing directions is one of major tasks in sphere of protection natural environment.