The study of "small" elements of the coal seams, Makeyevka-Donetsk coal-producing area is a very important area, since the holding of such studies may allow the identification of the distribution of chemical elements (toxic, potentially toxic, and small) in coal seams. This, in turn, will help with today except industrial concentrations of Ge and U, provide a perspective for the search and study of valuable components in the concentrations of coal W, Ga, Mo, Re, Ag, and other rare, non-ferrous and precious metals. These studies are needed, and from an environmental point of view, because there are problems associated with the storage and use of products of coal. It is known that these products penetrate into the soil, groundwater and surface water, the atmosphere in the form of trace elements and, therefore, are in plants, animals and humans. Therefore, identifying the coals with high content of toxic elements we can take measures to avoid the negative consequences.
The aim of this work is to study the «small» elements in coal seams, Makeyevka-Donetsk coal-producing area for the environmental effects of their use in the national economy, as well as develop recommendations for the safe operation of coal with the least environmental impacts.
4) to find the distribution of «small» elements on different layers in the stratigraphic order and in area of Makeyevka-Donetsk coal-producing area, depending on tectonics, morphology, genesis (epigenetic, syngenetic), as well as from some of the quality characteristics (sulfur, ash);
The method is based on the examination of dependence of the distribution of «small» the elements in the carboniferous thicker of Donetsk-Makeyevka coal-producing area from geological factors.
Average values, calculated for each of the above listed items on separate layers, compared with the background content in the Donetsk-Makeyevka coal area and maximum permissible concentrations in soils (MPC) in the presence of such.
Using the schematic diagrams and maps of the distribution were studied «small», including toxic elements of Makeyevka-Donetsk region, depending on geological factors and some quality characteristics. Identified layers, parts of layers, with a high content of toxic elements.
In this work also identified associations of «small» the elements based on their average or prevailing content, the correlation of the private values of their content.
During The work revealed that in the territory of Donetsk-Makeyevka area there are coal layers (areas of layers) with high content of toxic elements (mainly the first of second class of danger). When using such fuels in the national economy may have adverse environmental effects - pollution, including human settlements, by various toxic compounds.
The combustion of coal arise waste several species: ash and slag, finely dispersed fly ash-upda, and the flue gases. This leads to air pollution, the deterioration of livelihoods of people, reduce quality and length of life.
However, besides air pollution, there is a risk for surface and underground water and soil. In the process of extraction and processing of coal are forming solid waste, which had been stockpiled on the surface. These products penetrate into the soil, groundwater and surface water in the form of trace elements and «poison» them, making them unfit for use.
Toxic elements enters into any of the shells of the Earth (atmosphere, litho-hydrosphere), accumulates, making toxic compounds and can be transported over great distances, spreading its adverse effects.
- identified regularities of the distribution of «small» the elements on different layers in the stratigraphic order and area of Makeyevka-Donetsk coal-producing area, depending on tectonics, morphology, genesis (epigenetic, syngenetic), as well as from some of the quality characteristics (sulfur, ash);
Also as a result of this work we can make following conclusions:
The most dangerous chemical elements are arsenic and beryllium. They belong to the first class of danger and are extremely toxic to humans and the ecosystem as a whole.
2 pick out the area of dissemination of coal (oil shale), with concentrations of toxic elements that pose a real threat of pollution to the environment;
3 to explore and assess the conditions of atmospheric pollution, soil, groundwater and surface water by toxic elements for the development of measures to prevent pollution.
Do not exploit seam with a high content of toxic elements at all - it is not feasible. So the plants, wich use in their technological process products of coal industry (coking, metallurgical plants, etc.) need to install more modern and effective sewage disposal system, because these toxic elements mostly come in the atmosphere with flue gases and ash.