Master's portal of DonNTU
Faculty: Computer Information Technology and Automation
Speciality: Computer systems of medical and technical diagnostics
Problem of exact and timely determination of different diseases, the necessity of creation and development of various diagnostic methods stipulated. One of modern methods is radial diagnostics. With expansion of park of hi-tech medical diagnostic devices of radial diagnostics, urgent also the devices of medical visualization (Digital X-ray systems, computer, MRT, systems of ultrasonic diagnostics), the problem of automation of process of analysis of medical digital representations becomes more actual. The presence of image in an electronic form allows to execute difficult enough computer treatment, for example, imposition of images of computer tomograph and MRT, considerably making better possibility of raising of diagnosis and making decision about treatment of patient. A computer analysis allows to provide more high-quality result, due to substantial enhancement of specialists. An ordinary tomography not always allows to obtain it, mainly because "information capacity" images in oftentimes excels to possibility "extraction" it by a visual analysis a doctor. So application of computer allows to conduct the down-scaling of digital representations, smoothing out, contrasting, filtration, selection of areas of interest, construction of histograms of cut. For practical medicine it means considerable enhancement of recognition of pathosiss on the early stages of defeat.
A pancreas beds at back of overhead part of abdominal region. Scheme it consists of head, body and tail. The value of pancreas in an organism is very great. Enzymes, matters, participating in a proteopepsis, are produced in fabric of gland, fats and carbonhydratess, they are selected in the general channel of pancreas, and then get in a duodenum, where and render the physiological operating on food. In addition, in a pancreas there are the specialized cages, producing a hormone insulin, which, getting in blood, regulates the exchange of sugar in an organism. Insufficiency of selection of this hormone results in such serious disease as saccharine diabetes. Different diseases of pancreas in basic to the mass show up similar signs. It is pains, dispepticheskie disorders and some general displays. Pains arise up in anticardium of stomach, left hypochondrium or are girdle, give under the left shoulder-blade, in the back. Pains can be paroxysmal and permanent, they increase after overeating, use of fat, sharp and fried food, alcohol. A heat strengthens pains, application of cold a few diminishes. Pains weaken also at some forced positions of patient - sitting, bowing forward; loafing with the knees attracted to the breast. In left hypochondrium there can be a sickliness at feeling of stomach. From dispepticheskikh signs nausea and vomiting, and also diarrhoeas, is most characteristic. At the diseases of pancreas often there is the amotivational expressed decline of appetite, decline of weight. Presently for diagnostics apply a neinvazivnyy method - MRT, computer tomography (CT). At CT by moving detectors and x-ray photography tube get the picture of transversal aiming thin tomography cuts of all body on select levels. CT is the unique method, allowing to get the direct image of pancreas. The method of CT is used for diagnostics of sharp and chronic pancreatitis, cysts and tumours of pancreas.
For the digital processing of images his presentation is usually used in memory as a matrix of pixels f(n1,n2), 1<=m1 <= N, 1<= m2 <= N2. Treatment of image in general case consists in implementation of some transformation of the indicated matrix, which the set of its numerical descriptions or new treated image is formed as a result of. Transformation can touch the values of elements or their co-ordinates, executed above a matrix on the whole, by the group of elements or as by every element individually.
In the work I will endeavour to choose the most optimum methods of contrasting and filtration from those which are used in the already existent systems of treatment of tomogramm. Using the methods of binarization and selection circuit, I select objects on tomogramme, determine their sizes and area. On the basis of this approach, the computer system is developed.