Velychko Olena
Faculty: of Ecology and Chemical Technology
Speciality: Ecological geology
Theme of master's work:
Ekologo-geological description of features of the area distributing of "small" and toxic elements is in coals of "Novovolynskaya" mine (Lvov-Volhynia pool)
Scientific adviser: Kupenko Vladimir
About author
The topicality of the study
If regularity of distribution of “small” and toxic elements and their geological history are investigated it will be possible to make the most efficient use of coal and to minimize negative effect on the environment. Such investigations aim at multiple use of coal, including mineral products and predicted coal quality within adjacent territories. On these conditions there is a possibility to optimize production, to concentrate coal and to use it and its components efficiently.
Connection between the study and scientific programme
The programme “Ukrainske vugilla” (Ukrainian coal) (Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 19.09.2001 no. 1205 )
The target and tasks of the work
The target of the work is to study composition of coals and regularities of distribution of chemical elements in coals.
Tasks:
1) To analyze peculiarities of distribution of accompanying elements in the coals of Lviv- Volhynia basin according to literary studies;
2) To study distribution of “small” and toxic elements in the coals of “Novovolhynskaya” mine;
3) To analyze geological and ecological factors of their space division;
The object of the research is coal-bearing series of “Novovolhynskaya” mine.
The subject of the study is geochemical peculiarities and qualitative adjectives of the coals.
The methods used in my work include
1) Systems analysis of object structure to collect homogeneous samples;
2) Statistical data manipulation;
3) The methods of tridimensional data analysis.
Scientific novelty
The model of distribution of geochemical characteristics in the coals of Lviv-Volhynia basin was suggested.
The practical importance of findings
Guidelines on minimizing of negative environmental effect of coal-derived products and on multiple use of mineral products are worked out.
Content
Geological characteristic
The mine field № 10 “Novovolhynskaya” is situated in northwest part of Novovolhyna geo-industrial district. The area of the field is 29,1 kilometers.
Tectonics. The mine field №10 “Novovolhynskaya” is within Volhynia monocline. The eastern flank dips 6-8°, in the center of the field they are flatter 2-4°, in the south and southwest the attitude of coal beds is almost horizontal and its dips are 1-1,5° at the most. Direction of strata inclination is southwest, course is from southeast to northwest.
According to grade composition the coals of all investigated beds belong to gas coals (G), first class coals (1G), subclass – first gas vitrinite (1GV).
Geochemical characteristic of the coal
The object of the investigation is the coal bed n7 of the mine field №10 “Novovolhynskaya”. The caol bed n7 belongs to the thin one and is characterized as irregular, law-powered, it has two layers.
The coals of the bed n7 are humic, medium-hard, law-metamorphized, law-reduced, high-ashed, mid-sulphur and also medium-phosphorus. Recommended area of use of the coals is energetic.
The peculiarity of the investigated mine field is that the coals composed of germanium. Average germanium content is higher than minimal – industrial. The reserves of this component were calculated. Coal volumes in-place of the beds в4, n8, n7 were estimated according to В+С1 categories, germanium volumes in it were estimated according to С1 category.
Thus, the quantity of estimated germanium volumes in the power station coals of the investigated beds is 218,3 tonne.
Methodology of the study
Over a period of 1986-1992 supplementary exploration of the beds n7, n8, b4 was carried out to investigate it more carefully and to get necessary ratio of the high quality reserves. 412 holes have been drilled within the mine field. The most optimal exploration grid of 500х250 meters with concentrating to 250-150 meters in the areas of coal beds hitching and tectonic destruction was applied. 203 samples in 190 layer intersections, including 130 samples (120 layer intersections) within the reserves were tested for germanium at the estimated area.
At the same time there were tested samples to find other elements such as Ba, Be, Co, Cu, Cr, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sr, V, Zr, Ti and so on. Toxic and potential toxic elements within the estimated area were studied according to 37 samples by emissive spectral quantitative analysis.
Statistical treatment of findings was carried out with the help of the SPSS programme – all detected elements, average, mode, minimal (maximal) values, dispersion, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation.
Spatial distribution of germanium
The map of distribution of germanium within mine field was drawn with the help of the Surfer programme and also it was found out that germanium concentrates in submeridian direction in the center of the map. Well-known nowadays materials on the matter of germanium content in the coals help us to single out some factors caused the given distribution. 1) facial conditions of coal-bearing series accumulation; 2) degree of metamorphism of the coals; 3) thickness of a coal beds. Analyzed all above-listed factors and also the characteristic of coal beds we may come to conclusion that the investigated deposit belongs to the group of compound coal-bearing formation (according to germanium content), to the law-metamorphised type of coals and law-powered beds, and it corresponds to 3-4 degree of germanium containing coals (Ge > 5-20 gramm/tonne) according to A.Z. Shirkova and S.M. Sedenko.
Expected results
A new model of forming of geochemical peculiarities of the coals of the mine field “Novovolhynskaya”, including interconnection between genetic and post-genetic peculiarities of the given area may be constructed.
References
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Ссылка на книгу «Токсичные элементы-примеси в ископаемых углях» Юдович Я.Э., Кертис М.П.: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:
http://book-vl.ru/book/nauka_ucheba/13676-toksichnye-jelementy-primesi-v.htmКраткая характеристика каменноугольных и буроугольных бассейнов Украины: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:
http://www.photoukraine.com/russian/articles?id=85Перспективы утилизации германийсодержащих отходов.: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:
http://www.eco-mir.net/show/110/Эколого – гигиенические аспекты промышленных отходов угледобывающих предприятий.: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:
http://www.ecologylife.ru/utilizatsiya-2004/ekologo-gigienicheskie-aspektyi-promyishlennyih-othodov-ugledobyivayuschih-predpriyatiy.html