Electricity is a basic industry, which provides the country needs in electric power and can produce a significant amount of electricity for export. The total capacity of power generating stations in early 2010 was 53 mln.kVt.ch, of which thermal power stations (TPS), combined heat and power (CHP) and power-stations is 63%, nuclear power-stations (NPS) - 26%, hydroelectric power-stations (HPS) and gidroakkamuliruyuschih stations (GAPS) - 10%, wind power (WEC) is the other sources - 1%. Despite the fact that more than half of the installed capacity of thermal generation, in fact the main holiday falls on a nuclear power generation. By end of 2009, the proportion of the released energy: NPS - 50%, TPS - 37%, CHP - 6% HPS and GAPS - 7%, other - less than 1%. The main reasons for low utilization rate of installed capacity of thermal power plants compared to plant: 1. High cost of electricity generated at thermal power plants (more than 2-fold). 2. At least 20% of installed capacity thermal power plant, or may not actually be use because: a exceptional high cost of primary fuel (oil-fired power units), or inoperable equipment (disposal of equipment is not going to save the staff) or sledsvie deterioration, lack of quality repairs and operating below the set (the project). 3. In the Ukrainian energy sector only thermal power and hydroelectric power plants can operate polupikovom mode providing irregular graph of electricity consumption, whereas the other generation (eg, NPS) can alter the load only the long term.
In accordance with the Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2030 (approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 15.03.2006 N 145-p) is one of the priority objectives of power sector development is a "reduction in unit costs in the production and use of energy, due to their efficient use, introduction of energy saving technologies and equipment."
The practical value of the work
Develop and implement energogeneriruyuschego new generation equipment that meets modern requirements for efficiency and reliability and can be used to replace the physically and morally obsolete turbines with capacity of 300 MW and the construction of new power plants can only be based on modern scientific achievements to improvement of work processes and structures of turbines. In terms of these issues first and foremost, the development issues vysokoekonomicheskih profiles of nozzle and rotor blades, creating an efficient and reliable the last stage, methods for calculating the working processes, including in the zone of wet steam, which allows you to create effective systems vlagootvedeniya and protection from erosion.
Important
In writing this essay master's work is not yet completed. Final completion: December 2010. Full text of work and materials on the subject can be obtained
from the author or his scientific adviser after that date.