Maria Lytvynova

Faculty of Environment and Chemical Technology

Minerals and еkological geology department

Speciality “Environmental geology”

“Environmental impact of coal use Donbass (for example coalmine of “New–Nicanor of State enterprise Luganskugol”)”

Scientific adviser: Panov Yurij

Abstract

Table of contents:

1. Introduction
2. Basic maintenance of work
3. Conclusion
4. List of literature

Introduction

Actuality of theme: A major problem always perturbing world community and playing a frequently qualificatory role in international relations is a provision of humanity power resources.

Coal is the most widespread type of fossil fuel in the world, which possesses the large clean exit of energy at the production of electricity, for productive processes relatively cheap making of high temperature heat.

The problem of the use of coal is related to his quality. It causes the row of problems : economic, technological, ecological.

Aim of work: Study of quality indexes of coals of mine of “New–Nikanor” of State enterprise “Luganskugol” for the exposure of ecological consequences of his application and comparison of the obtained data with the analogical indexes of mines of State enterprise “Luganskugol” (“Beloretchenskaya”, “Vergelevskaya”, to the name of 19th Party congress, name of Artem, name of Kirov, “Ukraine”, “Cherkasy”).

Tasks of work:

1. Research of quality indexes of coal of Donbas on the example of mine of “New–Nikanor of State enterprise Luganskugol”
2. Selection of conformities to law of spatial distribution of quality descriptions of coal.
3. Establishment of factors influencing on distribution of quality indexes of coal.
4. >Exposure of ecological consequences of application of coal of Donbas.

Object of researches: coal of layers of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆^o of mine of “New–Nikanor of State enterprise Luganskugol”, and also some mines of the Donetsk pool, entering in the complement of State enterprise “Luganskugol”.

Article of researches: coal geology.

Scientific novelty: quality indexes are Studied for layers of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆^o mines of “New–Nikanor” and their comparative analysis is conducted with coals of mines of State enterprise “Luganskugol"” (“Beloretchenskaya”, “Vergelevskaya”, to the name of 19th Party congress, name of Artem, name of Kirov, “Ukraine”, “Cherkasy”). It is educed, that quality descriptions of mines are near, but the row of indexes is characteristic for the mine of “New–Nikanor”.

Practical value: First on the basis of the collected data the quality indexes of coal beds of l₄^o are studied, l₅ и k₆^o mines of “New–Nikanor”. The prognosis of their changes is done within the limits of the set and worked off part of layer.

Basic maintenance of work:

The Donetsk pool(Donbas) is one of the largest in the world of coal pools is located on territory of Ukraine and Russia. Open in 20th 18 century, industrial mastering from the end of 19 century Coals are lithoidal. Development is produced by an underground method. Donbas is subdivided into 30 carboniferous districts (picture 1).

1 — Petrikovskiy, 2 — Novomoskovskiy, 3 — Petropavlovskiy, 4 — districts of South–Donbas, 5 — districts of Red army Soldier, 6 — Donetsk–Makiivkiy, 7 — Amvrosiivskiy, 8 — Torez–Snezhnyanskiy; 9 — Central, 10 — the North–western outskirts of Donbas; 11 — Starobelskaya area, 12 — Lysychanskiy; 13 — Diamond–Marievskiy; 14 — Selesnevskiy, 15 — Luhanskiy, 16 — Krasnodonskiy; 17 — Orehovskiy; 18 — Bokovo–Xhrustalskiy; 19 — Dolzhansko–Rovenetskiy; 20 — Miuskiy, 21 — Chachtinsko–Nesvetaevskiy; 22 — Zadonskiy, 23 — Sulina–Sadkinskiy; 24 — Gukovo–Zverevskiy; 25 — Chervonodonetskiy; 26 — Kamensko–Gundorovsriy; 27 — Bilokalytvinskiy; 28 — Tadikinskiy; 29 — Millerovskiy; 30 — Tzimlyanskiy.

In Donbas there are many ecological problems accumulated in more than 200–years–old history of mining. The problem of the domestic and industrial use of coal of the Donetsk pool is first of all related to his quality. In different industries of industry there are the requirements produced to quality of coal. Deviation from the norm of some indexes influences on a cost and even purview of coal. An ash–content and sulfurouseousness of coal behave to one of important indexes of quality of coal.

An ash–content and sulfurouseousness of coal behave to one of important indexes of quality of coal.

An ash–content is a relation(in%) of mass of inorganic remain(ash), that it is got after complete combustion of coal, to unit of mass of investigational test Distinguish internal and external ash. ZI appears due to the inorganic components related to organic mass of coal, at the enhanceable micronized distribution of mineral admixtures in the organic substance of coal a “maternal” ash–content arrives at a few ten of percents. It stipulates passing of coal to the carbonaceous breeds. An external ash appears due to the mineral including contained in coal, and also inner layer and containing breeds littering coal at a booty. An ash consists of foods of oxidization and burning of gold– formed components of coal, and also some the amount of not burning down organic components [5, 8].

Maximum ash–content of Аd of coal for most directions of the use of 25 — 37,5%. By standards, operating the overhead limit of possible ash–content is set in separate point of intersection of layers for the balance supplies of coal of brands of D and G — 35%; To and OS of 40%; Т, And 40%; Т, А — 30%. Coal with more belongs to the high indexes of ash content of after balance coal. At an ash–content more than a 45% breed is examined already as not coal, but as criggling.

Among Donetsk coal prevails with an enhanceable ash–content (Аd 15 — 20%), иand almost all coal is required by enriching. Littleash coal (Аd < 8%) it is relatively widely widespread in lower карбоне; in middle карбоне they meet only in single layers. Concrete conformities to law in the change of ash–content of coal in a pool are not present [4].

The sulfurouseousness is an essential index of coal, qualificatory possibility of the use of him for the production of metallurgical coke, and also for incineration on large thermal power–stations.

The mass stake of general sulfurous in coal hesitates in wide limits (0,1 — 11%). On the size of Sdzag coals divided into littlesulfurous (to 1,5%), middling sulfurous (1,5 — 2,5%), sulfurouseous (2,5 — 4%) and high–sulfurouseous(more than 4%). Sulfurous enters in the complement of organic substance and mineral part of coal, sometimes present as elementary. Distinguish to the variety of sulfurous : organic Sо, sulfide SS (related mainly to disulphide of iron) and sulfate SSO4(with the sulfates of calcium, iron and other metals). The mass stake of varieties of sulfurous is determined only at a necessity the receipt of complete description of sulfurous of coal [7, 8].

At incineration and gasification of coal there is greater part of the sulfurous contained in them passes to gaseous connections, accordingly, in SO2 (with the small admixture of SO3) and in H2S. At coking and half–carbonization less part passes to gaseous foods — to 45% of primary stake of general sulfurous. Volatile sulfurous contaminates an environment, corrodes surfaces apparatuses non– flying sulfurous passes to the coke, worsening his quality and increasing an expense at smelting of cast–iron [5].

For coking and incineration on thermal power plant undesirable presence of coal with sulfurous (Sdоb) more than 2,5 — 3,0%. Coals with maintenance of sulfurous more than 4,5% for coking, as a rule, shut out. Sulfurous coals (Sdоб 2,5 — 3,5%)prevail in the Donetsk pool. In not many layers not high maintenance of sulfurous is saved on the area of whole district. More often such layers meet in south-west part of pool(Donetsk–Makiivka and red army Soldier districts) [4].

We will consider the problems of quality of coal of Donbas on the example of mine of “New–Nicanor of State enterprise Luganskugol”.

The mine of “New–Nicanor” is situated within the limits of Delesnevskiy coal area that extends westerly to the east of item of Debaltsevo to p. Illiria; its general extent 45 kilometres, width is 15 kilometres and enters in the complement of State enterprise “Luganskugol”. The center of district is Parisian Commune, in north–eastern part located Komunatsk. The basic types of industry in a district is coal mining and metallurgical; insignificant specific gravity in an economy occupies agriculture [2].

In a structural relation, the estimated area is on the south wing of Selesnevskiy syncline, near-by her transition in Bahmutskaya hollow. Corners falling mainly declivous (5 — 15°).

The mine of “New–Nicanor” develops the coal beds of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆^o. Brand of coal — Т(emaciated). On the field of mine plenty of little amplitude violations is educed. Distribution of them on an area is uneven. Their maximal amount is educed on the layers of l₆^o , l₄^o, l₅, on the north area located between two large tectonic violations : Longitudinal overthrust and second longitudinal overthrust.

Breeds are especially strongly broken in the affected of tectonic violations zone. As experience of exploitation of deposit showed, here from strong splinterence, changes of angles of incidence, intensive bringing down of containing breeds, working off coal beds is practically impossible.

On maintenance sulfurous on the area of balance supplies coals belong to middling sulfurous and high sulfurous [1].

We tested the layers of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆^o, amount of tests 21, 23 and 57 accordingly. Analyses were executed in laboratories ON “Ukruglegeologiya”. The got results over are brought in a table 1.

For comparison the indexes of quality of coal of mines of State enterprise “Luganskugol” are taken: “Beloretchenskaya”, “Vergelevskaya”, to the name of 19th Party congress, name of Artem, name of Kirov, “Ukraine” “Cherkasy”.

Were investigational and studied ash-content and sulfurous of the mines indicated higher.

Table 1 Indexes of ash–content and sulfurous(in %) of layers of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆ mines of “New–Nikanor” [1].

Data were treated on COMPUTER by means of the programs of Microsoft Excel (in particular appendix of Attastat), Surfer 8.

For the layers of l₄^o, l₅ и k₆ mines of “New–Nikanor” the histogram of change of indexes of ash-content and sulfurous (picture 2 — 4) is built.

On the layer of l₄^o value of ash–content(Ad) hesitate within the limits of 4,9 — 31,7%, mean value — 13,1%, sulfurous (Sd) 1,4 — 4,3%, mean 2,85.

On the layer of l₅ value of ash–content(Ad) hesitate within the limits of 4,3 — 35,6%, mean value 22,43%, sulfurous (Sd) 2,06 — 4,9%, mean — 3,08%.

On the layer of k₆^o зvalue of ash–content(Ad) hesitate within the limits of 6,5 — 35,3%, mean value 14,24%, sulfurous(Sd) 1 — 29,0%, mean 5,1%.

The most values of ash–content are observed in coals of layer l₅ (mean value 22,43%), sulfurous — in coals of layer of k₆^o. Therefore for them the maps of spatial distribution of these indexes (picture 5 — 6) are built.

Coals of layer of l₅ with maintenance of ash more than 28% is written-off from working off as inadvisable. More credible than all large maintenance of ash is explained by a presence in coals of plenty of inorganic micro components as skims that it is impossible to distinguish at the boring drilling.

High maintenances of sulfurous are more credible than all related to that the layer of к6в has a two pack structure and contains pedigree interlayer, by power to 15 sm.

Values of ash-content and sulfurous of coal with mean values on other mines of State enterprise “Luganskugol” resulted in details in table 2 and on a picture 7.

Table 2

Conclusion:

Comparing quality descriptions of mines it is possible to say that the values of ash-content and sulfurous on the mine of “New–Nikanor” are similar with values on other mines of State enterprise “Luganskugol”, enter in limits middle maintenances in Donbas.

High maintenances of ash and sulfurous in coals of Donbas influence not only on export potential of coal but also on an environment. It affects on soil, in particular agricultural lands(at mining, warehousing of wastes of the coal mining), atmosphere(incineration of coal), water objects, and also on the vital functions of man [3].

List of literature:

1. Геологический отчет о переоценке запасов каменных углей поля шахты «Никанор» ПО «Ворошиловградуголь», книга 1, Донецк, ПО «Укруглегеология», 1988 г., 312 с.
2. Геология месторождений угля и горючих сланцев СССР, том 1, редактор издательства Г. А. Израилева, И. Е. Колтова, Ленинград, 1963 г., 1210 с.
3. Зборщик М. П. О неотложности решения проблем геоэкологии Донбасса / Зборщик М. П., Ильяшов, М. А. — «Уголь Украины», 2007. — №12 (612) — с.3 — 6.
4. Методика разведки угольных месторождений Донецкого бассейна. — М.: Недра, 1972. — 340 с.
5. Нагорний Ю.М., Нагорний В.М., Приходченко В.Ф. Геологія вугільних родовищ: Навч. Посібник. Дніпропетровськ Національний гірничий університет, 2005.
6. Юдович Я.Э., Кетрис М.П. Неорганическое вещество углей. — Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2002. — 196 с.
7. Юровский А.З. Сера каменных углей / А.З. Юровский. — М.: 1960. — 295с.
8. Характеристика качества углей [электронный ресурс]. — Режим доступа: http://krasugol.ru/index.php/