Surface plastic deformation it’s process of the processing metal by pressure under which process of the removing the shaving does not occur but increases toughness surface of details [1].
The problem of quality raise and durability by revealing physical regularities of formation and transformation of the surface layer at the life cycle stages has been solved in the work, design methods and methods of control of surface plastic deformation process has been also developed.
In many events by using SPD manages to raise the spares to toughness of the details, working under variable load, in 1,5 - 3 times and enlarge the lifetime of the details in groups of ten once [9].
An actual task of engineering industry is assurance of machine elements operating life, which is determined by qualitative state of surface layer. The most important engineering and economical performances of mechanisms such as operating capacity, reliability, steel intensity, prime cost depend on machining quality.
The operating capacity of machine elements depends on machining quality of incoming details and state of their surface layer, which is formed on final operations of manufacturing process.
There is a great number of methods, which give the opportunity to improve the state of surface layer. The methods of plastic deformation are widespread. Surface plastic deformation is put into effect by tool; its deforming elements (balls, rollers and bodies of other configuration) interact, with machining surface on diagrams of rolling, sliding and penetration. During surface plastic deformation in the issue of deformative strengthening of surface layer compressive residual stress arise, smoothing of inequalities occurs and strength of detals reises double, operating life raises in 5 — 10 times [9].
At the present time there is a great number of researches concerning estimation of optimal system of quality parameters of machine elements surfaces, which would represent their running ability the most completely [1].
The efforts of many scientists made a considerable contribution in development of surface plastic deformation theory. They are Azarevich G.M., Alexeyev P.G., Braslavskiy V.M., Drozd M.S., Jasimov M.M., Zaydes A.V., Ilyushin A.A., Ishinskiy A.Yu., Kudryavtsev I.V., Matalin A.А., Papshev D.D., Rijov E.V., Sidyakin Yu.I., Smelyanskiy V.M., Suslov A.G., Shneyder Yu.S., Yaroslavtsev V.M., Yudin D.L. and others [10].
Surface plastic deformation it’s a new direction of the studies in machine building. The Purpose of the work — increasing to capacity of the labour and reduction to prime cost of the fabrication of the detail to account of the using the methods SPD.
For achievement put (deliver) ed purposes are worded following problems:
Processing SPD is accompanied complex structured and phase conversions typical of shaping surrface layer. At initial moment occurs crushing зерен metals on blocks and is formed mosaic structure. Hereinafter in consequence of reinforcement of the development shift on plane of the slide are formed new, vastly reduced grain [6].
In this research the analysis of existent methods of increasing details surfaces quality has been made, including ecologically clean technological methods on the basis of new high-speed machining methods.
Possibility and financial ability to achieve this level of properties has been proved by using progressive machining methods — surface plastic deformation .
Practical application of general-purpose equipment for surface plastic deformation gives considerable economic benefit. Technology of surface plastic deformation of machining makes it possible to simplify and reduce the price of the whole procedure of metal processing. With the help of such equipment it can be possible to machine the majority of known grades of steel, aluminium, copper and other metals.
SPD give the opportunity to operate the temperature conditions of materials machining process and create the most auspicious conditions of tool functioning.
