Purposes and problems of the master’s degree work
Digest of the result’s of the work
The purpose of student’s works works is the research of a condition of airing of mine GP "October mine" and working out of actions for its perfection taking into account the completion of stocks.
In the given work following problems are solved:
1. The analysis of a used way of airing, operating conditions and types of fans, reserve presence on air giving is made;
2. danger on methane and a dust is defined;
3. security fresh air of objects of airing and air distribution on mine is calculated;
4. the condition of mine workings, ventilating constructions, the reasons of excess of settlement leaks of air (underground and superficial) is analyzed;
5. the estimation of specific losses of depression on the basic routes of mine is made;
6. working out of actions for improvement of airing of mine for the current and perspective periods at completion of stocks;
7. working out of the scheme of ventilation for completion of stocks taking into account the offered actions.
One of the major measures of creation and maintenance of the normal conditions providing necessary preconditions for satisfactory state of health of miners and their ability to live in mines, qualitative airing at is maintenance of workplaces with necessary quantity of air. Operation of mines is connected with necessity of carrying out of mountain developments of various extent and transverse section. Special devices and the equipment are necessary for airing of such mine workings to their junction with other channels of a ventilating network of mine.
Bad condition of airing and connected with it sanitary — hygienic conditions are one of the principal causes of essential decline of productivity of work of miners, rates of carrying out of developments and, as consequence, untimely preparation of necessary front of clearing faces, increase in terms of building mines and preparation of new horizons.
For today, because of working out of stocks of coal on the big depths and in difficult mountain — geological conditions, on mines the difficult scheme of mine workings was generated, not provided with the settlement expense of air objects of airing. Mine ventilation essentially influences on safety of work of miners, and also demands the big power inputs fans of the main airing. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the reasons of deterioration of airing in order to develop measures for increasing of efficiency of airing of mine, economy of the electric power and reduction of unproductive losses of air.
The "October mine" is constructed under the project of institute " Dongiproshaht " and placket in operation in December, 1974, handed over with designed capacity of 1800 thousand tons coal of in a year. During operation, in connection with deterioration of mountain – geological conditions and supplementary exploration a mine field, the project of development of mine and capacity were repeatedly corrected, and from 1.01.1996 of year capacity is established in volume 800 of thousand tons of coal in a year.
In the administrative relation the mine is located in Kuibyshev area of Donetsk, in relations of production is isolated division of GP "DUEК" Minugleproma of Ukraine.
The sizes of a mine field on prodeleting — 9000m, on falling — 3500m. Technical borders of a mine field are: in the west — a field of mine of Abakumov, in the east — a field of mine of A.F.Zasjadko, in the north — it borders on old mountain works of liquidated mine "Panfilovsky", the bottom technical border passes on an isohypse — 1400m.
Industrial stocks of coal in borders of a mine field make more than 96, 663 tons.
The mine has perspective service life more than 100 years.
The "October mine" is carried to sverhkategornym on gas, is dangerous on dust explosions, layers aren't inclined to selfi – ignition, are threatened on sudden emissions of coal and gas depending on depth of working out, except k8 aren't dangerous on mountain blows. Relative volume of gas mines makes 33,17m3 /t, absolute 7,36 m3/minutes.
The mine field is opened on one horizon to the scheme by five vertical shafts: central – doubled main (skip) and auxiliary (cage), carried eastern and western air falling(on mountains 995m) and a ventilating shaft № 1 (on mountains 741m). Opening of layers is carried out by capital cross – cuts on horizons 995m and 741m, spent from by shaft court yard central &nash; doubled and ventilating shaft. These cross – cuts divide a mine field on brake incline and a slope part. By shaft court yards are put between extreme layers mз and k8 in layer soil l7. The basic working horizon is a horizon 995m, horizon 741m — ventilating.
The way of preparation of a mine field is panel. The combined and continuous systems of working out in variants on falling and on layer prodeleting pillar are accepted. A way of airing of mine is soaking up.
The principle kinds of transport on mine are pipeline transport; an electric locomotive haulage, a rope haulage.
On the mine it is made a full pipelining of coal from a face to skip shaft. For delivery of people on main horizontal excavation. Locomotive transport in human trolleys ВЛ-18-900 by means of electric locomotives 2АМ8Д is used. On inclined main excavation transportation of people is carried out in human trolleys ВЛН1-15П. For performance of auxiliary operations on level 995m a locomotive haulage by storage electric locomotives 2АМ8Д is accepted. On inclined main excavations a delivery of materials and the equipment is carried out by means of hoist engine Ц 2,5x2 in trolleys УВГ2,5 or on special platform, executed on the basis of these trolleys.
Nowadays the mine develops two layers l8 "Sofia" and k8 by "Parovochnyj".
The way of airing of mine is soaking up, the airing scheme is block-section. Fresh air arrives in mine on a cager shaft and two air falling shafts, starting from mine stands out on a surface through skip and ventilating shafts.
For mine supply by the compressed air the compressor installations 4ВМ-10-100/8 (2 pieces), 4ВМ-10-120/9, turbocharger 5Г-100/8 (under air repair) used they are mounted in a building of superficial compressor station. Productivity of compressor statiogets – to 200 m3/minutes that not always satisfy on requirements of mine in compressed air.
For maintenance with necessary quantity of compressed air of all consumers in mine mobile compressor installations УКВШ-15/7 and УКВШ-5/7 are mounted.
Airing is carried out by fan installations of the main airing: skip shaft with two fans VOKD-1,8 and a ventilating shaft №1 with two fans VTSD-40.
The fan of main airing ВЦД-40 works steadily from efficiency equal 0,75 in a zone of industrial use, has a reserve on productivity and on depression on an existing ventilating network. The general external suction on installation ВЦД-40 make 52,8m3/s with or 34 % to quantity of air arriving in mine, exceed settlement size (46,5m3 /s).
The fan of main airing ВОКД-1,8 works steadily from efficiency equal 0,6 in a zone of industrial use, has a reserve on productivity and on depression on an existing ventilating network. The general external suction on installation ВОКД-1,8 make 17,0 m3 /s or 11 % to quantity of air arriving in mine, exceed settlement size (15,7 m3 /s).
The "October mine" is a very difficult airing mine.
As a result of the analysis of a condition of airing following basic lacks are established: neediness of air of objects of airing of mine, the big leaks of air, an unsatisfactory condition of the ventilating constructions, insufficient section of the mountain excavations, not isolated airing of some preparatory excavations.
During the investigating period in mine arrived of air 154,6 m3 /s , by calculation it was required 91,8 m3 /s, security of mine with settlement quantity of air has made 168 %.
On groups of objects of airing air arriving in mine was distributed as follows:
1. extraction sites — 23,8 m3 /s (16 % from arriving in mine);
2. supported sites — 81,4 m3 /s (52 % from arriving in mine);
3.preparatory face — 12,1 m3 /s (6 % from arriving in mine);
4. chambers — 24,7 m3 /s (16 % from arriving in mine);
5. internal leaks — 12,6 m3 /s (8 % from arriving in mine).
Extraction sites in a whole are provided by air on 149 %.
The expense of air on the isolated airing of preparatory faces has made 12,1 m3 /s. By calculation it was required 5,9 m3 /s, security has made 205 %. All operating preparatory faces are provided by settlement quantity of air. Air temperature in preparatory faces didn't exceed norms admissible Safety Rules.
The expense of air on the isolated airing of chambers has made 24,7 m3 /s. By calculation it was required 19,9 m3 /s, security has made 124 %. A number of chambers hasn't been provided by settlement quantity of air: electric locomotive garage 1 (a branch 67, a site 100-78); electric locomotive garage 2 (a branch 68, a site 86-78); the chamber of the refrigerating machinery (a branch 333, a site 149-140); the catchment basin chamber (a branch 58, a site 109-46).
Chambers aren't provided by the settlement expense of air because of unsatisfactory and untimely regulation of the expense of air by ventilating supervision of site VTB of mine.
The expense of air on the isolated airing of supported mine workings has made 81,4 m3 /s. By calculation it was required 37,3 m3 /s. Actual security in settlement quantity of air has made 218 %. A number of supported mine workings hasn't been provided by settlement quantity of air: 1 western ventilating drift’s square l8 (a branch 165, a site 57-237); sboyka on skip a shaft of mountains 741m (a branch 8, a site 324-322); the chamber of the refrigerating machinery (a branch 330, a site 153-140); development of the tape conveyor (a branch 55, a site 71-119); the walker of cleaning zumfa (a branch 50, a site 24-104).
The given supported workings aren't provided by the settlement expense of air because of unsatisfactory and untimely regulation of the expense of air by the ventilating expense of site VTB of mine.
The considerable over – expenditure of air in other supported workings takes place: sboyka on western conveyor apex square l8 (a branch 174, a site 239-182); western conveyor apex square l8 (a branch 175, a site 241-240); sboyka between cross – cuts (a branch 28, a site 53-85); sboyka on main western field ventilating drift (a branch 189, a site 183-187); the main ventilating development skip a shaft of mountains 741m (a branch 37, site 192-28); sboyka between shaft of mountains 547m (a branch 6, a site 23-25); sboyka on skip a shaft of mountains 1034m (a branch 161, a site 96-104).
The expense of air in a number of supported workings exceeds settlement value because of unsatisfactory and untimely regulation of the expense of air, its irrational use by ventilating supervision of site VTB of mine.
According to results of research of distribution of air on the mine, some objects of airing are provided by insufficient quantity of air: a fan network of skip shaft 1 (94 %), electric locomotive garage 1 (82 %), electric locomotive garage 2 (77 %), the refrigerating chamber (73 %), the catchment basin chamber (61 %), 1 western ventilating drift (79 %), sboyka on skip a horizon shaft 741m (92 %), development on skip shaft 1 (20 %), development on skip shaft 2 (93 %), development of the tape conveyor (38 %), the walker of cleaning zumfa (20 %). In a number of chambers and auxiliary supported workings the actual expense of air considerably exceeds settlement values: conveyor bias (205 %), warehouse VM (700 %), network of the fan of a ventilating shaft 1 (235 %), winch the chamber western auxiliary apex (500 %), a network of the fan of a ventilating shaft 2 (232 %), sboyka between cross – cuts (206 %), sboyka on western conveyor apex (590 %), western conveyor apex (293 %), the ventilating walker 10 panel lavas (113 %), ventilating drift parallel lavas (113 %), sboyka on main western field ventilating drift (229 %), the main ventilating extraction skip of horizon shaft 741m (413 %), ventilating sboyka horizon 741m (315 %), the conveyor walker of a layer l8 (710 %), a fan network of skip shaft 2 (115 %), sboyka between horizon shaft 547m (731 %), sboyka on skip of a horizontal shaft 1034m (638 %), development of the scraper conveyor (200 %), 8 panel lava (135 %), 1 western lava (162 %).
For elimination of an irrational expenditure of air of mine, it is necessary for ventilating supervision VTB to make adjustment of the expense of air (to increase to settlement value, by increase in section of a ventilating window at regulators of the expense of air or to lower — reduction of section of a ventilating window).
The expense of air on internal leaks has made 12,6 m3 /s. By calculation it was required 4,3 m3 /s. Actual internal leaks have exceeded settlement size in 2,9 times.
The reason of considerable leaks of air through ventilating constructions is their leakage.
The expense of air on external leaks has made 69,8 m3 /s. By calculation it was required 62,2 m3 /s. Actual external leaks have exceeded settlement size in 1,1 times.
External and internal leaks exceed settlement, owing to infringement of hermetic sealing of a surface pit head a building and ventilating channels, not tight fit lad ventilating channels.
General losses of air above permitted standard in mine have made 52,2 m3 /s (the expense of useful air above permitted standard and leak).
For increase of efficiency of airing of mine and optimum regulation of air on objects of airing following actions are recommended to perform:
To provide with settlement quantity of air following workings:
1. 1 western ventilating drift square l8 (a branch 165, a site 57-237);
— sboyka on skip shaft of mountains 741m (a branch 8, a site 324-322);
— extraction on skip shaft (a branch 330, a site 153-140);
— workings of the tape conveyor (a branch 55, a site 71-119);
— the walker of cleaning zumfa (a branch 50, a site 24-104).
2.To reduce to standard sizes air expense in following workings at the expense of hermetic sealing and consolidation of ventilating constructions:
— sboyka on western brake incline square l8 (a branch 174, a site 239-182);
— western brake incline square l8 (a branch 175, a site 241-240);
— sboyka between cross-cuts (a branch 28, a site 53-85);
— sboyka on main western field ventilating drift (a branch 189, a site 183-187);
— the main ventilating development skip shaft of mountains 741m (a branch 37, a site 192-28);
— sboyka between shafts of mountains 547m (a branch 6, a site 23-25);
— sboyka on skip shaft of mountains 1034m (a branch 161, a site 96-104).
The annual economy of the electric power at performance of the above – stated prime actions for airing perfection will make 4380480 kWh / year.
For the organization and maintenance of reliable airing of objects of mine for the perspective period of development it is necessary to execute a number of actions:
1. To make refastening of following workings:
— western field haulage drift (a branch 97, a site 197-142);
— an air falling cross – cut of quare k8 (a branch 277, a site 64-65);
— a conveyor bias of square k8 (a branch 146, a site 80-155);
— a auxiliary bias (a branch 208, a site 156-157);
2. To make ripping in arrival on an auxiliary bias of square k75.
3. To extinguish ventilating drift panel lavas of square m3 (a branch 205, a site 276-208).
For the purpose of check of efficiency of actions offered for introduction on improvement of airing of "October mine" calculation on reduction of the expense of air on objects of airing and internal leaks to settlement values which has shown has been made that at an existing ventilating network depression VGP on a ventilating shaft makes 732 даПа at expenses of the electric power of 1759 kwh. After reduction of the expense of air on objects of airing and internal leaks to settlement values and change of a corner of installation of shovels of the directing device, depression VGP will make 476 даПа at expenses of the electric power of 1252 kwh. Thus VGP will be in a zone of industrial use = 0,76 economy of the electric power will make efficiency 4380480 kWh / year.
In the given work the careful analysis of a condition of airing of operating mine GP "October mine" was made, lacks of neediness of air on objects of mine a condition of aerodynamic parameters of mine workings, irrational use of fresh air, considerable leaks of air through ventilating constructions in mine workings and on a surface are established. Actions for normalization of environmental conditions in mine workings and on perfection of airing of mine for the current and perspective period are offered.
At the moment the magister’s degree work is being carried out, in January 2011 further information can be asked the from author Ivanenko Darya of um supervisor of studies Stukalo Vitaly.
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